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Understanding IPv6
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Author
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Joseph Davies
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Pages
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544
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Disk
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1 Companion CD(s)
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Level
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Int/Adv
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Published
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11/13/2002
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ISBN
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9780735612457
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Price
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$29.99
To see this book's discounted price, select a reseller below.
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Index
Symbols and Numbers
: (colons), 48
:: double colon notation, 22, 49-50, 232
. (period), 48
/ (slash), 50
_ISATAP, mapping to the name ISATAP, 287
6over4, 20, 274-77
6over4 address, 57, 264, 276, 284
6over4 multicast mapping, 276
6over4 tunneling interfaces, 276-77
6to4
IPv6 connectivity, 306
and ISATAP example, 292-96
.NET Server 2003 family features, 20
Netsh.exe utility, 39
specifics, 277-83
6to4 address
address autoconfiguration, 224
coexistence, 264
compatibility address, 57
DNS dynamic update, 232
example, 279
IPv6 Helper service, 281
ISATAP address, 284
6to4 host, 42, 277, 280-83
6to4 relay router, 270, 278-81, 283
6to4 router, 42, 278-83, 292-95
6to4 service. See IPv6 Helper service
6to4 tunneling, 272
6to4 Tunneling Pseudo-Interface, 224, 234, 281, 295
64-bit interface identifier
6over4, 274
6to4 address example, 279
characteristics, 73-79
compatibility address, 264
EUI-64, 74-78
IPv6 addresses, 46
ISATAP addresses, 283
Prefix Length field, 104
prefixes, 147
router discovery, 186
temporary addresses, 20, 78
128-bit address, 46, 230, 236
A
A6 resource record. See RFC 2874
AAAA resource record
AI_ADDRCONFIG, 380
DNS record type 28, 229-30
DNS support, 21, 23, 230, 268
ISATAP address example, 292
migrating to IPv6, 299
name resolution support, 231
AAL5 (ATM Adaptation Layer 5), 371-72
ABR (area border router), 251
accept( ), 378
Access Control field, 361
ACK segment (TCP), 335-36, 338-40
Acknowledge (A) flag
Binding Acknowledgement option, 321
binding maintenance packets, 328
binding update, 308, 326
binding update list, 315
Binding Update option, 103
Duplicate Address Detection flag, 104
foreign links, 334, 342
mobile node returning home, 346
address. See also 6to4 address; aggregatable global unicast address; anycast address; care-of address; EUI-64 address; home address; IEEE 802 address; link-local address; loopback address; multicast address; private address; public address; site-local address; solicited-node address; temporary address; unicast address; unspecified address
6over4 address, 57, 264, 276, 284
128-bit address, 46, 230, 236
automatic configuration needs, 2
compatibility addresses, 57, 263-65
data structures, 376-77
defined, 13
deprecated address, 218
IPv4-compatible address, 57, 263-64, 272-73
IPv4-mapped address, 57, 264, 284
ISATAP address, 57, 264, 273, 287
local use addresses, 54-56
mapping host names, 11
to name translation, 381
netsh interface ipv6 show address, 40-41
NSAP address, 57-58
per square meter, 46
resolving at link layer, 10
scoped address, 15, 51
special addresses, 56
transition criteria for, 262
wildcard address, 377-78
address (A) record, 11, 297
address allocation, 7, 14-15, 46-47
address autoconfiguration. See also autoconfigured addresses
6to4 host, 277
attaching to home link, 332
comparison, 10
IPv6, 28, 224-28
IPv6 Helper service, 283
ISATAP, 283, 289, 294
link-local addresses, 55
mobile agents, 416
mobile nodes, 341
overview, 217-20
Router Advertisement message, 158
router discovery, 187
site-local addresses, 56
Windows XP specifics, 221-23
address autoconfiguration flowchart, 222-23
address discovery, 310-11, 313, 316
Address field
Frame Relay encapsulation, 369-70
host sending algorithm, 347-48
PPP encapsulation, 365-66
Routing header, 321-22, 328, 349
X.25 encapsulation, 368
Address Mask Reply message (ICMPv4), 140
Address Mask Request message (ICMPv4), 140
address prefix, 50-51, 254, 286
address resolution
6over4, 274
6over4 tunneling interfaces, 276
DNS, 230, 268
duplicate address detection, 182
getaddrinfo( ), 382
host sending algorithm, 195-96, 349
INCOMPLETE state, 180
in Link layer, 60
mobile node returning home, 346
as ND process, 140, 172, 174-77
Neighbor Solicitation messages, 162
neighbor unreachability detection, 181
processing packets, 243
redirect function, 192-93
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
address resolution, 140
ARP cache, 197
ARP Reply message, 197
ARP Request message, 10, 60, 182, 197
comparisons, 10
neighbor cache, 173
Neighbor Discovery, 9, 123, 139
address selection
importance of, 410
Internet draft, 233, 269, 390
name resolution support, 231
scoped address logic, 15
address space
address depletion, 3-6
characteristics, 45-48
features, 7
Internet, 1-2
IPv6, 14, 54
prefix sizes, 50
subnetting, 63-73
address structure
anycast address, 62
global, 53-54
IEEE 802 address, 75
IEEE EUI-64 address, 75
link-local, 55
multicast addresses, 58, 60 NSAP, 58
site-local, 55
adjacencies, 251
Advanced Streaming Format (ASF), 25
advertisement. See router advertisement
Advertisement Interval field, 152
Advertisement Interval option, 152, 161, 172, 312-13, 438-39
Advertisement Lifetime field, 186
AF_INET6, 375, 380
aggregatable global unicast address, 47, 52-54, 399
AH. See Authentication header
AI_ADDRCONFIG, 380
AI_ALL, 380
AI_CANONNAME, 380
AI_NUMERICHOST, 380
AI_PASSIVE, 379
AI_V4MAPPED, 380
algorithms
calculating checksums, 119
CRC-32 algorithm, 372
dead gateway detection, 181-82
alignment requirements
Binding Acknowledgement option, 105
Binding Request option, 107
Binding Update option, 103, 110
Home Address option, 108-9
options, 99
Pad1 option, 99
PadN option, 100
Router Alert option, 101
all-nodes address. See link-local scope all-nodes multicast address
all-routers address. See link-local scope all-routers multicast address
Alternate Care-of Address sub-option, 105, 308
anonymous address. See temporary address
anti-replay protection. See replay protection
anycast address
characteristics, 61-62
duplicate address detection, 183
Home-Agents anycast address, 310, 333
IPv6 routers, 63
as IPv6 type, 51-52
Override flag, 167
processing packets, 242
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing), 55, 81
APIs. See application programming interfaces
Application layer
care-of address, 306
data packets, 320, 323-24
protocol examples, 12
tunneled packets, 330
application programming interfaces (APIs)
migrating to IPv6, 299
.NET Server 2003 family, 26-28
RFCs and Internet drafts, 389
unsupported APIs, 385
Windows Sockets changes, 375-85
application support
.NET Server 2003 family, 23-28
RFCs and Internet drafts, 388
architecture
dual stack, 18, 266
.NET Server 2003 family, 17-19
ARCnet (Attached Resource Computer Network), 119, 356, 436
area border router (ABR), 251
ARP. See Address Resolution Protocol
AS (autonomous system), 249-52
ASF (Advanced Streaming Format), 25
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), 12, 119, 364, 370-73, 436
ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5), 371-72
Attached Resource Computer Network (ARCnet), 119, 356, 436
authentication. See data authentication
Authentication Data field, 117-18
Authentication header (AH)
binding maintenance packets, 322, 329
binding update packets, 318, 326
extension header, 96-97
as fragmentable, 114
MD5 hash, 21
Next Header field value, 92
OSPF, 251
purpose, 8
structure, 117
Autoconf route type, 238
autoconfiguration process, 220-28
autoconfigured addresses. See also address autoconfiguration
6to4, 279
Neighbor Discovery, 140
states, 218-19, 409
static routing example, 255-56 Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), 55, 81
automatic tunneling, 20, 264, 272-74, 277
Automatic Tunneling Pseudo-Interface
address autoconfiguration, 224
configuring IPv6, 291
displaying command example, 225-26
IPv4-compatible addresses, 273
ISATAP address, 284-85, 290
ISATAP and 6to4 example, 292-96
ISATAP host, 286
automatic tunnels, 272-73
AutoNet address. See Automatic Private IP Addressing
Autonomous flag, 146, 219, 221
autonomous system, 249-52
B
bandwidth, 94-95, 125, 251
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Windows Sockets standard, 27
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), 248
BGP-4 (Border Gateway Protocol version 4), 252
binary representation, 48-49, 77, 101
bind( ), 378-79
binding acknowledgement, 309, 320, 327, 334, 337-40, 343-44
Binding Acknowledgement option, 105-7, 110, 307-9, 318, 321-22, 328, 436
binding cache
correspondent nodes, 305, 338-39
data packets, 322-25
foreign links, 334, 343-44
host sending algorithm, 348
IPv6 mobility, 307, 313-15
lifetime, 309
mobile node communication, 340, 346
non-TCP-based communication, 337-38
tunneled packets, 330
updating entries, 308
binding request, 309, 314, 320, 327
Binding Request option, 107, 110, 307-9, 321, 328, 436
binding update
binding acknowledgement, 309
Binding Acknowledgement option, 105-7, 308
binding maintenance packets, 328
Binding Request option, 107 binding update list, 315
Binding Update option, 103-5
correspondent node communication, 338-39
foreign link, 333-35, 342-44
Home Address option, 108-9, 310
home registration, 308
host receiving algorithm, 349-50
Lifetime field, 314
mobile node communication, 317-18, 325-26, 340-41, 344, 346
non-TCP-based communication, 337-38
binding update list, 313, 315, 338, 340-41
Binding Update message, 308
Binding Update option
Binding Request option, 107
communication to mobile node, 340
Destination Options header, 103-5, 307-8, 318, 325-26, 335, 338-39
IPv6 mobility, 307
Network Monitor example, 108-9
as option type, 110, 436
Sequence Number field, 106
structure, 103
B-ISDN (Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network), 370
board ID, 74
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), 248
Border Gateway Protocol version 4 (BGP-4), 252
bridges, 11-12, 204
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN), 370
broadcast addresses, 10, 52, 59-60, 80, 366
browsers, 23
BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) standard, 27
C
cache. See binding cache; destination cache; neighbor cache
care-of address
Application layer protocol, 306
binding cache, 314-15
binding maintenance packets, 320, 328
Binding Update option, 308
binding update packets, 318, 325
correspondent node communication, 338-39
data packets, 319-20, 322-23, 325 foreign links, 332-33, 341-43
Home Agent Address Discovery Reply message, 312
Home Agent Address Discovery Request message, 326
home agent communications, 329
host sending algorithm, 347-48
IPv6 mobility, 305, 307
mobile node communication, 340-41, 346
non-TCP-based communication, 337-38
source address, 310
TCP connection, 336
tunneled packets, 330
cells, 370-72
checksum. See also Frame Check Sequence field
Checksum field, 126
critical router loop, 95
forwarding IPv6 packets, 96
Frame Relay use of, 369
for headers, 10
ICMPv6, 164, 211, 213
structure, 119-20
Checksum field
Destination Unreachable message, 126
Echo Reply messages, 132
Echo Request message, 131
Home Agent Address Discovery Reply message, 311
Home Agent Address Discovery Request message, 310-11
ICMPv6 header, 124-25
Multicast Listener Done message, 213
Multicast Listener Query message, 209
Multicast Listener Report message, 210-11
Neighbor Advertisement message, 166
Neighbor Solicitation message, 163-64
Packet Too Big message, 128
Parameter Problem message, 130
Redirect message, 169
Router Advertisement message, 159
Router Solicitation message, 157
Time Exceeded message, 129
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation, 50, 54
CIFS (Common Internet File System), 25
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation, 50, 54
CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol), 252
Closest matching route. See longest matching route
Code field
Destination Unreachable message, 126-27
Echo Reply messages, 132
Echo Request messages, 131
Home Agent Address Discovery Reply message, 311
Home Agent Address Discovery Request message, 310-11
ICMPv6 header, 124-25
Multicast Listener Done message, 213
Multicast Listener Query message, 209
Multicast Listener Report message, 210-11
Neighbor Advertisement message, 166
Neighbor Solicitation message, 163-64
Packet Too Big message, 128
Parameter Problem message, 130
Redirect message, 169
Router Advertisement message, 159
Router Solicitation message, 157
Time Exceeded message, 129
coexistence
mechanisms, 265-73
overview, 262-65
PortProxy, 296
PPP encapsulation, 366
RFCs and Internet drafts, 393
colon hexadecimal notation
6over4, 274
6over4 address, 264
6to4, 277
6to4 address, 264
comparison, 81
conversion example, 77
example, 401-2
IPv6 address syntax, 48-50
ISATAP and 6to4 example, 292-94
Res bits, 64
colons (:), 48
Common Internet File System (CIFS), 25
Common Part Indicator field, 371-73
company ID, 74-75
compatibility addresses, 57, 263-65
complementing bits, 76-78
compressing zeros, 49-50, 81, 232
configured tunnels, 272
configuring IPv6, 28, 39-40
connect( ), 378-79 Connection Reset segment (TCP), 246, 352
Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP), 252
constants, 375
Control field
ATM SNAP encapsulation, 373
FDDI encapsulation, 363
Frame Relay encapsulation, 369-70
IEEE 802.3 SNAP encapsulation, 358-59
IEEE 802.5 SNAP encapsulation, 360-61
PPP encapsulation, 365-66
X.25 encapsulation, 368
convergence time, 248-49
conversions
address formats, 383
EUI-64 addresses, 76
IEEE 802 addresses, 77-78
between numbering systems, 49
correspondent node
binding caches, 305, 314
binding request, 309
binding update list, 315
foreign links, 335, 342-44
home address, 309
host receiving algorithm, 351
IPv6 mobility, 306, 310, 316
mobile node as, 347, 349
mobile node communication, 317-25, 335-39, 344, 346
support levels, 306-7
tunneled packets, 330
updating, 308
CRC-32 algorithm, 372
critical router loop, 94-96
Current Hop Limit field, 159
D
DAD. See duplicate address detection
data authentication. See also Authentication header
binding update packets, 318
ESP header/trailer, 118
ICV, 117
OSPF, 251
data confidentiality, 8, 117-18
data encryption, 2, 21, 117
Data field, 131-33 data integrity, 8, 117-18, 318
Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI), 370
Data Link layer, 367, 369
data structures
address, 376-77
conceptual host, 173
IPv6 mobility, 313-30
dead gateway detection, 181-82
decapsulation, 278
decimal representation
IPv4 addresses, 48-49
subnetting for NLA IDs, 65, 67-69
subnetting for SLA IDs, 70, 72-73
default route
6over4, 277
6to4, 279
IPv6 Helper service, 281, 283
IPv6 routing table, 236-37, 239
ISATAP and 6to4 example, 294
ISATAP host, 286
ISATAP router, 291
routing process, 237, 246
static routing example, 255-57
default router list, 173
Default Router Preference field, 159-60
delay, 87, 251
DELAY state, 179-81, 344
DELAY_FIRST_PROBE_TIME, 180
delimiters, colons as, 48
deploying IPv6, 14
deprecated address, 218
deprecated state, 218
Destination Address field (IPv4 header)
6to4 address example, 279
comparison, 94
IPv6 Automatic Tunneling example, 273
ISATAP address, 285
ISATAP and 6to4 example, 292-96
pseudo-headers, 119
specifics, 89
Destination Address field (IPv6 header)
6to4 address example, 279
comparison, 94
critical router loop, 94
Ethernet header/trailer, 356-57
FDDI encapsulation, 362-63
forwarding IPv6 packets, 95
IEEE 802.3 SNAP encapsulation, 358-59
IEEE 802.5 SNAP encapsulation, 360-61
IPv6 Automatic Tunneling example, 273
IPv6 pseudo-header, 120
ISATAP address, 285
ISATAP and 6to4 example, 292-96
Multicast Listener Done message, 213
Multicast Listener Query message, 208-9
Multicast Listener Report message, 210
Neighbor Advertisement message, 165-66, 182
Neighbor Solicitation message, 163
processing packets, 242
reassembly process, 116
Redirect message, 169-70
Router Advertisement message, 158
Router Solicitation message example, 156
specifics, 91
destination cache
binding cache, 314-15
host sending algorithm, 195-96, 348
IPv6 routing process, 240
netsh interface ipv6 show destinationcache, 42, 173
processing packets, 242
redirect function, 192
routing, 235-36
Destination field, 266, 374
Destination Options header
Binding Acknowledgement option, 307
binding maintenance packets, 321-22, 328-29
Binding Request option, 308
Binding Update option, 307-8
binding update packets, 318, 325-26
correspondent node, 310, 338-39
data packets, 320
extension header order, 97
as fragmentable, 114
Home Address option, 306-8, 323, 325, 337-38
host receiving algorithm, 349-50
host sending algorithm, 347-48
initiating TCP connection, 335-36
IPv6 routing process, 239
mobile nodes, 306, 340
moving between foreign links, 342-43
Next Header field, 92, 308-9
options, 99, 109-10, 307-10, 436 Pad1 option, 99-100
padding, 98
PadN option, 100
Parameter Problem message, 130
RFC 2460, 96
structure, 102-10
as unfragmentable, 114
Destination Service Access Point (DSAP) field, 359-61, 363, 373
Destination Unreachable message. See ICMPv4 Destination Unreachable message; ICMPv6 Destination .Unreachable message
DF flag. See Don't Fragment (DF) flag
DHCP. See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCPv6. See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6
Differentiated Services (DS) field, 87, 90
Digital Service (DS)-3, 371
distance vector, 249-50
DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier), 370
DLL (dynamic link libraries), 24, 39
DNS. See Domain Name System
DNS dynamic update, 232-33, 291
DNS Name Query message, 319
DNS Name Query Response message, 319
DNS queries
address autoconfiguration, 225
address resolution, 230, 268
IPv6 Helper service, 281
ISATAP name resolution, 286
migrating to IPv6, 299
multiple addresses, 23
Pathping utility, 35
Ping utility option, 32
PortProxy, 297-98
site-local address, 21
Tracert utility option, 34
DNS resolver, 232, 299
DNS Server, 232
Domain Name System (DNS)
AAAA resource record, 230
address selection rules, 233
Application layer protocol, 12
as coexistence mechanism, 268-69
comparison, 11
Ipconfig utility, 29-30
IPv6, 229-31, 299
ISATAP and 6to4 example, 294
ISATAP name resolution, 287
.NET Server 2003 family features, 21
PortProxy, 296-97
Don't Fragment (DF) flag, 95, 113, 267, 374
dotted-decimal representation, 48, 50, 81, 263
double colon (::), 22, 49-50, 232
DS (Differentiated Services) field, 87, 90
DSAP field. See Destination Service Access Point field
dual IP layer, 19, 265-66, 299
dual IS, 252
dual stack architecture, 18, 266
dual stack implementation, 17-18, 266
duplicate address detection
address autoconfiguration, 218
autoconfiguration process, 220-21
comparison, 197
foreign links, 333, 342
interface startup process, 226
mobile nodes, 346, 418
Multicast Listener Report message, 210
as ND process, 141, 182-86
Neighbor Solicitation message, 163
process order, 221
Source Link-Layer Address option, 164
Duplicate Address Detection (D) flag, 104
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), 2, 8, 29
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6 (DHCPv6)
address autoconfiguration, 140, 217
interface IDs, 74
IPv6 protocol, 221
Managed Address Configuration flag, 159
Other Stateful Configuration flag, 160
router discovery, 186
stateful address configuration, 219
dynamic link libraries (DLL), 24, 39
dynamic routing, 246-48
E
Echo message (ICMPv4), 31, 33-34
Echo Reply message (ICMP), 31
Echo Reply message (ICMPv6), 124, 131-33, 437
Echo Request message (ICMPv6), 31-34, 112, 128, 131-33, 137, 267
Encapsulating Security Payload Header and Trailer
Authentication header, 117
data encryption, 21
extension header, 96-97
features, 8
as fragmentable, 114
handing traffic, 9
MD5 hash, 21
Next Header field value, 92
OSPF, 251
Parameter Problem message, 130
structure, 118
encapsulation. See also Ethernet II .encapsulation; X.25 encapsulation
6to4 router, 278
ATM null encapsulation, 371-72
ATM SNAP encapsulation, 372-73
FDDI encapsulation, 362-64
Frame Relay encapsulation, 369-70
IEEE 802.3 SNAP encapsulation, 358-60, 436
IEEE 802.5 SNAP encapsulation, 360-62
IPv4 encapsulation, 373-74
IPv4-compatible address, 263
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling, 266, 269
LAN encapsulations, 356
PPP encapsulation, 365-66, 369
"tunnel" interfaces, 13
Ending Delimiter field, 360, 362-64
error correction, 369
error messages. See ICMPv6 error messages
Ethernet. See also media access control
IEEE 802 addresses, 74-75
IEEE 802.3 SNAP, 358-60
IPv6 MTUs, 119, 149-50, 436
IPv6 multicast, 203
IPv6 routing table example, 238-39
as link-layer technology, 12
minimum frame size, 360
NDIS driver, 18
Netstat utility, 35
payload size, 13
receiving multicast traffic, 204-5
Router Solicitation message header, 156
Source/Target Link-Layer Address .options, 144
Ethernet II encapsulation
IPv6 MTU, 118-19, 436
of IPv6 packets, 356-58
link MTU, 13, 135
protocol identification field, 90
EtherType field
ATM SNAP encapsulation, 372-73
Ethernet header/trailer, 356-57
FDDI encapsulation, 363-64
IEEE 802.3 SNAP encapsulation, 358-59
IEEE 802.5 SNAP encapsulation, 360-61
Path MTU Discovery, 135
settings, 90
EUI-64 address, 74-78, 221, 227
EUI-64-based interface identifiers, 74-78, 220, 224, 232, 255-56
Extensible Markup Language (XML), 28
extension headers
comparison, 94
components, 96-118
Destination Unreachable message, 126
fragmentable, 402
host receiving algorithm, 351
IPv6, 9, 86, 96
in payload, 355
processing packets, 246
extension ID, 74
F
fault tolerance
dead gateway detection, 181
neighbor unreachability detection, 182
RIP networks, 250
static routers, 246
FCS field. See Frame Check Sequence field
FDDI. See Fiber Distributed Data Interface
features
IPv6, 7-9
Neighbor Discovery, 9, 13
.NET Server 2003 family, 19-23
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
IEEE 802 addresses, 74
IPv6 MTUs, 119, 436
IPv6 multicast, 203-5
as link-layer technology, 12 NDIS driver, 18
RFC 2467, 362
SNAP encapsulation, 362-64
file sharing, 25
File Transfer Protocol (FTP), 5, 12, 28, 298
FireWire, 74
Flag field (PPP), 365-66, 368-70
Flags field (IPv4), 58, 88, 93, 103-4
flow control, 367, 369
Flow Label field, 10, 90, 92, 94, 395, 402
flowcharts
address autoconfiguration, 222-23
host sending algorithm, 196
IPv6 mobility host receiving algorithm, 353
IPv6 mobility host sending algorithm, 350
receiving host process, 247
router forwarding process, 244-45
sending host process, 241
foreign link
care-of address, 305
IPv6 mobility, 309
moving between, 341-44
moving from home link, 332-35
Router Advertisement message changes, 312
format prefix (FP)
address allocation by, 46-47
global addresses, 52
link-local addresses, 55
multicast addresses, 58
NLA ID field, 53
NSAP addresses, 57
site-local addresses, 55
unicast addresses, 398
forwarding. See also packet
configuring IPv6, 291
Destination Address field, 170
home agent, 305
host sending algorithm, 348
IPv6 deployment, 16
IPv6 Helper service, 282
IPv6 packets, 95-96
IPv6 routing process, 240
ISATAP routers, 285
multicast traffic, 205-6
NAT performance, 5
Route Information option, 155
router forwarding process, 239-46
router optimization, 98
routing, 235-37
Routing header, 111
Scope field, 58
static routers, 22, 253
static routing example, 253
tunneled packets, 329
FP. See format prefix
FQDN (fully qualified domain name), 381
Fragment header, 93, 96-97, 112-17, 119
Fragment Offset field (IPv4 header), 88, 93
Fragment Offset field (IPv6 header), 112-15
fragmentation
comparisons, 10
critical router loop, 95
differences in fields, 113
Fragment header, 112
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling, 267
IPv6 process, 96, 114-16
at link-layer, 118
path MTU, 13, 135
upper-layer protocols, 119, X.25, 368
Fragmentation header, 92
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field
ATM null encapsulation, 371-72
ATM SNAP encapsulation, 373
Ethernet header/trailer, 356-58
FDDI encapsulation, 363-64
Frame Relay encapsulation, 369-70
IEEE 802.3 SNAP encapsulation, 358-60
IEEE 802.5 SNAP encapsulation, 360, 362
Path MTU Discovery, 135
PPP encapsulation, 365-66
X.25 encapsulation, 368
Frame Control field, 360-63
Frame Relay, 12, 119, 364, 369-70, 436
Frame Status field, 360, 362-64
freeaddrinfo( ), 380
FTP. See File Transfer Protocol
Ftp.exe (FTP client), 24
fully qualified domain name (FQDN), 381
G
gateway. See router
General Format Indicator (GFI) field, 367-68
General Request message, 250
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) header, 5
getaddrinfo( ), 379-80, 382-83
gethostbyname( ), 378
getipnodebyaddr( ), 385
getipnodebyname( ), 385
getnameinfo( ), 381, 383
getpeername( ), 378
getsockname( ), 378
GFI (General Format Indicator) field, 367-68
global address. See aggregatable global unicast address
global variables, 378
gopher (Internet protocol), 27
gratuitous ARP, 182, 197. See also duplicate address detection
GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) header, 5
group ID, 60, 400
Group ID field, 59-60
H
HDLC (High Level Data Link Control) protocol, 365-66, 369
Header Checksum field, 88-89, 93-95
Header Extension Length field, 96, 98, 102, 110-11
headers. See extension headers
hexadecimal representation. See also colon hexadecimal notation
IPv6 addresses, 229
jumbograms, 101
subnetting for NLA IDs, 65-67
subnetting for SLA IDs, 70-72
hierarchical addressing
global addresses, 52
IPv6 addresses, 46
as IPv6 feature, 8
subnetting for NLA IDs, 64
subnetting for SLA IDs, 69
hierarchical routing
IPv4 address space, 2
IPv6 addresses, 46
IPv6 global addresses, 52
subnetting for NLA IDs, 64
subnetting for SLA IDs, 69-70
High Level Data Link Control (HDLC) protocol, 365-66, 369
home address
attaching to home link, 331-32
binding cache, 314-15
binding maintenance packets, 321, 328
binding update list, 315
binding update packets, 318, 325-26
correspondent node communication, 338-39
data packets, 319-20, 322-25
Home Address field, 310
Home Address option, 309
host receiving algorithm, 351
host sending algorithm, 347
IPv6 mobility, 304-7
mobile node communication, 339-41
non-TCP-based communication, 337-38
TCP connection, 336
transparency, 306
tunneled packets, 329-30
Home Address field, 104, 108, 310-11
Home Address option
data packets, 319-20
Destination Options header, 108-9, 306-10, 318, 323, 325-26, 335, 337-40
Home Agent Address Discovery Reply message, 311
Home Agent Address Discovery Request message, 310
host receiving algorithm, 349-50
host sending algorithm, 347-48
initiating TCP connection, 336
IPv6 mobility, 307
as option type, 110, 436
Prefix Length field, 104
home agent
Advertisement Interval field, 152
Advertisement Interval option, 152, 161
attaching to home link, 331-32
binding acknowledgement, 309
binding cache, 305, 314
binding update list, 315
Binding Update option, 308
foreign links, 332-35, 342-43
global address, 310
Home Agent Address field, 312
Home Agent flag, 160
Home Agent Information option, 152-53, 161, 172, 313
home agents list, 316
host receiving algorithm, 349-51
IPv6 mobility component, 305
mobile node, 325-30, 340-41, 344, 346-47 Prefix Information option changes, 313
Router Address flag, 146
support, 307
Home Agent Address Discovery Reply message. See ICMPv6 Home Agent Address Discovery Reply message
Home Agent Address Discovery Request message. See ICMPv6 Home Agent Address Discovery Request message
Home Agent Address field, 311-12
Home Agent (H) flag, 159-60, 312, 316, 331-32
Home Agent Information option
Home Agent Lifetime field, 316
Home Agent Preference field, 316
IPv6 mobility changes, 312-13
ND options, 152-53, 438
Router Advertisement message, 161, 172, 439
Home Agent Lifetime field, 153, 316
Home Agent Preference field, 153, 316
home agents anycast address, 310, 333
home agents list, 313, 316
home link
attaching to, 331-35
correspondent node, 338
home agent address discovery, 310
Home Agent Address Discovery Reply message, 311
Home Agent Address Discovery Request message, 326-27
Home Agent Address field, 312
Home Agent Information option, 313
home agents list, 316
IPv6 mobility component, 304
mobile node, 339-41, 344-47
packets, 305, 324
home registration, 308, 314
Home Registration (H) flag, 104, 326, 334, 342, 346
Hop Limit field
comparison, 93
Current Hop Limit field, 159
Echo Request messages, 92
forwarding IPv6 packets, 95
forwarding multicast traffic, 205
IPv6 routing process, 239
Multicast Listener Done message, 213
Multicast Listener Query message, 208
Multicast Listener Report message, 210
ND messages, 142
Neighbor Advertisement message, 166
Neighbor Solicitation message, 163
Ping utility option, 32
processing packets, 242
Redirect message, 169
Router Advertisement message, 158
router discovery, 186
Router Solicitation message example, 156
specifics, 91
Time Exceeded message, 129
Tracert utility, 33
Hop-by-Hop Options header
IPv6 routing process, 95, 239
Jumbo Payload option, 91
Multicast Listener Report message example, 212
multicast traffic, 208
Next Header field value, 92
option types, 109-10, 436
Parameter Problem message, 130
RFC 2460, 96
structure, 97-102
as unfragmentable, 114
host. See also ISATAP host
6to4, 20
autoconfiguration, 219-20, 222-23
defined, 11-12
forwarding decisions, 155
host receiving algorithm, 351
as IPv4-only node, 262
IPv6 addresses, 62
migrating to IPv6, 299
MLD messages, 201, 206
multicast support, 202-5
Neighbor Discovery, 139-40
Neighbor Solicitation message, 162
neighboring node as, 178
Netsh.exe utility, 39
network routes, 246
next-hop determination, 174
receiving packets, 203-4, 243-46
Redirect message, 168, 192
router changing to, 167
unreachable neighbors, 181
host address (A) record, 23, 229, 232
host group. See multicast group
host ID, 51, 53, 63, 73
Host Membership Query message (IGMPv2), 208, 210, 214
Host Membership Report message (IGMPv2), 210, 214
host name resolution, 378
host receiving algorithm, 349-53
host receiving algorithm flowchart, 353
host route, 236-37
host sending algorithm, 195-97, 347-50
host sending algorithm flowchart, 196, 350
Hosts file, 231, 286-87
host-to-host tunneling, 271-72, 274, 283
host-to-router tunneling, 270-72, 274, 283
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), 24, 27
I
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), 53, 58, 283-84
ICMP. See Internet Control Message Protocol
ICMPv4 message equivalents, 133-34
ICMPv4. See Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv4
ICMPv4 Address Mask Reply message, 140
ICMPv4 Address Mask Request message, 140
ICMPv4 Destination Unreachable message, 94-95, 133-34
ICMPv4 Echo message, 31, 33-34
ICMPv4 Echo reply message, 31
ICMPv4 messages, 88, 133-34
ICMPv4 Parameter Problem message, 134
ICMPv4 Redirect message, 9, 123, 134, 139, 141
ICMPv4 Router Discovery messages, 9-10, 123, 139
ICMPv4 Time Exceeded message, 88, 91, 94, 134
ICMPv6. See Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6
ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable message
Address Unreachable, 127, 242-43, 344, 438
Beyond Scope of Source Address, 127, 437
Communications with Destination .Administratively Prohibited, 126, 437
comparing, 133-34
defined values, 437-38
forwarding IPv6 packets, 95
as ICMPv6 error message, 124-25
No Route To Destination, 126, 237, 242, 437
Port Unreachable, 127, 243, 352, 438
structure, 126-27
ICMPv6 Echo Reply message, 124, 131-33, 437
ICMPv6 Echo Request message
as ICMPv6 informational message, 124, 131, 437
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling example, 267-68
Packet Too Big message example, 128
Pathping utility, 34
Ping utility, 31-32
Routing header example, 112
structure, 131-32
Tracert utility, 33-34
Traffic Class field, 92
ICMPv6 error messages
conditions for sending, 411
as ICMPv6 message type, 124
Redirect messages, 192
structure, 125-31
ICMPv6 Home Agent Address Discovery Reply message, 310-12, 329, 437
ICMPv6 Home Agent Address Discovery Request message, 310-11, 326-27, 333, 437
ICMPv6 informational messages, 124-25, 131-33
ICMPv6 messages
comparing, 133-34
defined values, 437
listed, 310-12
ICMPv6 Packet Too Big message
comparing, 134
forwarding IPv6 packets, 95
as ICMPv6 error message, 124-25
as ICMPv6 message, 437
path MTU, 136
Path MTU Discovery process, 119, 135-36
processing packets, 243
structure, 128
ICMPv6 Parameter Problem message
Binding Update option, 103
comparing, 133-34
defined values, 438
Erroneous Header Field Encountered, 130, 438
Home Address option, 108
as ICMPv6 error message, 124-25
as ICMPv6 message, 437
jumbograms, 101
structure, 129-31 Unrecognized IPv6 Option Encountered, 130, 307, 315, 438
Unrecognized Next Header Type .Encountered, 130, 246, 351, 438
ICMPv6 Time Exceeded message
comparing, 134
Fragment Reassembly Time Exceeded, 117, 129
Hop Limit Exceeded in Transit, 95, 129, 242
as ICMPv6 error message, 124-25
as ICMPv6 message, 437
structure, 129
ICS (Internet Connection Sharing), 281-83
ICV (Integrity Check Value), 117-18
Identification field (IPv4 header), 87-88, 93, 113
Identification field (IPv6 fragment header), 112-13, 115-16
Identifier field, 131-33, 310-11
IDRP v2. See Inter-Domain Routing Protocol version 2
IE (Internet Explorer), 24
IEEE 802 address
conversions, 77-78
IPv6 MTUs, 119
mapping, 75-76
receiving multicast traffic, 204
specifics, 74-75
IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) header, 358, 360
IEEE 802.3 SNAP encapsulation, 358-60, 436
IEEE 802.5 SNAP encapsulation, 360-62
IEEE 1394, 74
IEEE EUI-64 address, 74-78, 221, 227
IETF. See Internet Engineering Task Force
I/G bit (Individual/Group) bit, 75, 204-5
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol), 10, 124, 275. See also Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)
IGMPv2 (Internet Group Management Protocol version 2), 201
IGMPv2 Host Membership Query message, 208, 210, 214
IGMPv2 Host Membership Report message, 210, 214
IGMPv2 Leave Group message, 212, 214
IGMPv2 message equivalents, 214
IGMPv3, 201
IHL (Internet Header Length) field, 86-87, 89, 93
IIS (Internet Information Services), 25, 298
IKE (Internet Key Exchange), 8, 21
in6_addr, 376
IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT, 377
in6addr_loopback, 378
IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK_INIT, 378
IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL, 384
IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK, 384
IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_GLOBAL, 384
IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_LINKLOCAL, 384
IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_NODELOCAL, 384
IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_ORGLOCAL, 384
IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_SITELOCAL, 384
IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST, 384
IN6_IS_ADDR_SITELOCAL, 384
IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED, 384
IN6_IS_ADDR_V4COMPAT, 384
IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED, 384-85
INADDR_ANY, 377
IN-ADDR.ARPA (DNS domain), 11, 268
INCOMPLETE state, 179-80
Individual/Group (I/G) bit, 75, 204-5
inet_addr( ), 383
inet_ntoa( ), 383
inet_ntop( ), 383, 385
inet_pton( ), 383, 385
informational messages (ICMPv6), 124-25, 131-33
installing IPv6, 28
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). See entries beginning with IEEE
Integrated IS-IS for IPv6, 250, 252
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), 364-65, 369
integrity check value (ICV), 117-18
Inter-Domain Routing Protocol version 2 (IDRPv2), 250, 252-53
interface. See also 64-bit interface identifier
anycast addressing, 51, 61
binding cache, 315
forwarding, 235
General Request message, 250
host receiving algorithm, 349
host sending algorithm, 348
host-to-host tunneling, 271
Ipconfig utility, 29
IPv6 Helper service, 281-82
IPv6 routers, 63
as logical interfaces, 13
loopback interface, 56, 62-63
multicast addresses, 51
Multicast Listener Report message, 210
netsh interface ipv6 show address, 40-41
netsh interface ipv6 show interface, 40
processing packets, 242
startup process, 226-28
unicast addresses, 51, 62
interface ID field
care-of address, 305
EUI-64 addresses, 74-78
Home Agent Address Discovery Request message, 310
host ID size, 63
ISATAP address example, 291
ISATAP and 6to4 example, 295-96
solicited-node address, 61
specifics, 53
structure, 399
interface identifier. See 64-bit interface identifier
interface index
6over4 tunneling interfaces, 276
configuring IPv6, 291
IPv6 Helper service, 281-83
IPv6 routing process, 240
IPv6 routing table example, 238
ISATAP addresses, 285
ISATAP and 6to4 example, 294
ping command, 277
scope ID as. See Zone ID
static routing example, 253-54
International Standards Organization (ISO), 252, 365
Internet
6to4 host communication, 280
6to4 router, 278
BGP-4, 252
continued growth, 14
correspondent node communication, 338
data packets, 322-23
dual IP layer, 265
forwarding packets, 285
as global resource, 15 host-to-router tunneling example, 271
IPv4 address space, 1-2
as IPv4-based, 52
IPv6 Helper service, 281, 283
IPv6 mobility, 305
mobile nodes, 303
number of sites, 54
router-to-router tunneling, 270
Internet address class, 46, 80
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), 53, 58, 283-84
Internet Connection Sharing (ICS), 281-83
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
IPv6 use of, 123
neighboring node interactions, 9
Netstat utility, 35
Ping utility, 31
Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv4 (ICMPv4), 88, 119, 186
Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6)
checksums, 164, 211, 213
messages, 437
Netstat utility, 35
Next Header field, 91-92
overview, 123-25
upper-layer PDU, 86
as upper-layer protocol, 12
Internet draft
address blocks, 388
address selection, 233, 269, 390
addressing architecture, 387
Advanced Sockets API, 389
Advertisement Interval option, 152
automatic tunneling, 264
Binding Acknowledgement option, 105
Binding Request option, 107
Binding Update option flags, 103-4
Code field values, 126
Default Router preference, 160
Destination Unreachable, 127
DHCPv6, 388
Home Address option, 108
Home Agent flag, 160
Home Agent Information option, 152
host sending algorithm, 195
ICMPv6, 390
Integrated IS-IS for IPv6, 252 IPv6, 387
IPv6 mobility support, 390
IPv6 node information queries, 388
ISATAP, 224, 283, 393
MLD, 201
ND options, 142-43
Neighbor Discovery, 388
point-to-point links, 242
Route Information option, 153
Router Address flag, 146
scoped addresses, 389
Site Prefix flag, 146
Site Prefix Length field, 147
SNMP MIB support, 25
tunneling IPv6, 393
UDP Lite Protocol, 389
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
address conversions, 383
deprecating APIs, 385
IPv6 development, 2
Organization Code field, 358-61, 363
RFC 2874, 230
RFCs and Internet drafts web site, 393
Internet Explorer, 24
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), 10, 124, 275. See also Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)
Internet Group Management Protocol version 2 (IGMPv2), 201
Internet Header Length field (IPv4), 86-87, 89, 93
Internet Information Services (IIS), 25, 298
Internet Key Exchange (IKE), 8, 21
Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP), 78
Internet Protocol Helper (IP Helper) API, 27
Internet Protocol security (IPSec)
comparisons, 9
Ipsec6.exe utility, 43
IPv4 packet security, 2
IPv6 support, 8
.NET Server 2003 family, 21
security association, see security .association (SA)
test lab, 428-33
translation and integrity, 5
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
dead gateway detection, 181-82
DNS dynamic update, 233
dual IP layer, 265
dual stack architecture, 18
IPSec for, 21
IPv4 protocol, 18
Ping utility, 31
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
comparison with IPv6, 9-11
Integrated IS-IS, 252
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), 18
limitations, 1-6
migrating, 299
SNMP traffic support, 26
transition from, 262
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
comparison with IPv4, 9-11
configuring, 291-92
features, 7-9
installing IPv6, 28
migrating to, 299
routing in, 235-46
transition to, 262
Internet service provider (ISP)
6to4, 20
allocating global address, 69
granting public addresses, 3
IPv6 addresses, 46
NLA ID field, 53, 64
obtaining IPv4 addresses, 78
public addresses, 14-15
subnetting for NLA IDs, 64-65
TLA IDs, 53
internetwork. See network
intranets
anycast addressing, 61
IPv6 Helper service, 282
ISATAP and 6to4 example, 293
private IP addresses, 3
site-local address equivalence, 55
WinInet, 27
Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP), 20, 39, 224, 283-96. See also ISATAP address; ISATAP host; ISATAP name; ISATAP router
invalid state, 218
IP Helper API, 27
IP6.ARPA. See RFC 2874
IP6.INT (DNS domain)
comparison IPv4/IPv6, 11
DNS dynamic update, 233 migrating to IPv6, 299
name resolution support, 231
pointer records, 268
Ipconfig utility, 29-30
IPCP (Internet Protocol Control Protocol), 78
IPng (IP-The Next Generation), 2
IPPROTO_IPV6, 383
IPSec. See Internet Protocol security
IPSec policies, 43
IPSec SAs. See security associations (SAs)
Ipsec6.exe utility, 21, 43
IP-The Next Generation (IPng), 2
IPv4. See Internet Protocol version 4
IPv4 multicast tunneling. See 6over4
IPv4 node, 262-63, 265
IPv4-compatible address, 57, 263-64, 272-73
IPv4-mapped address, 57, 264, 284
IPv4-only node, 262-64, 268, 296-97, 299
IPv6. See Internet Protocol version 6
IPv6 Automatic Tunneling, 272-73
IPv6 Control Protocol (IPv6CP), 365
IPv6 Helper service, 280-81, 283
IPv6 mobility
communication, 316-30
data structures, 313-30
Home Agent flag, 160
host receiving algorithm, 349-53
host receiving algorithm flowchart, 353
host sending algorithm, 347-350
host sending algorithm flowchart, 350
IPv6 deployment, 16
messages and options, 307-13
overview, 303-7
processes for, 331-53
Router Advertisement message, 160
IPv6 MTU, 118-19, 149-50, 171, 436
IPv6 node
autoconfiguration, 332
correspondent node support levels, 306-7
dual IP layer, 265
duplicate address detection, 183
host sending algorithm, 195-96
IPv4-mapped address, 264
mobility, 303
multicast traffic, 58
as node type, 263
pseudo-automatic configuration, 331-32
reassembly, 119 routing table, 235
transition criteria for, 262
unicast addresses used by, 47
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling, 265-71, 373-74
IPv6 over IPv6 tunneling, 325, 338-39, 341
IPv6 routing table
dynamic routing, 246-47
host sending algorithm, 197, 348
IPv4-compatible addresses, 273
IPv6, 8
LSAs, 249
netsh interface ipv6 show routes, 41, 174
Netstat utility, 35
next-hop determination, 173
redirect function examples, 193
RIPng for IPv6, 250
Route Information option, 153, 161, 172
Route utility, 29-30
router, 192
router discovery, 186-88
routing process, 235-40
static router support, 22, 248
static routing, 246, 253
IPv6-only node
accessing IPv4-only node, 296-97
IPv4-mapped address, 264
migrating to IPv6, 299
as node type, 263
pointer record, 268
Ipv6.exe utility, xxxvi
IPv6/IPv4 node
address records for, 268
dual IP layer, 265
host-to-host tunneling, 271
host-to-router tunneling, 270
ISATAP, 264, 283
migrating to IPv6, 299
as node type, 263
pointer records, 268
PortProxy, 297-98
router-to-host tunneling, 270
tunneling configurations, 269
IPV6_JOIN_GROUP, 384
IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP, 384
IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, 383
IPV6_MULTICAST_IF, 383
IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP, 383
IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, 384
IPv6CP (IPv6 Control Protocol), 365
ISATAP. See Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol
ISATAP address, 57, 264, 268, 273, 287
ISATAP host
6to4 example, 292-96
configuring IPv6, 291
forwarding packets, 285
ISATAP router, 286
ISATAP name
autoconfiguration, 225
configuring IPv6, 291
name resolution, 225, 286-87
ISATAP router
address autoconfiguration, 225
configuring IPv6, 291-92
ISATAP and 6to4 example, 293
netsh interface ipv6 isatap, 42
using, 285-91
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), 364-65, 369
ISO 10589, 252
ISO 10747, 252
ISO (International Standards Organization), 252, 365
ISP. See Internet service provider
J
join latency, 207
Jumbo Payload Length field (IPv6), 100-101, 110
Jumbo Payload option, 91, 100-101, 436
jumbogram, 86, 101, 113
L
L2TP (Layer Two Tunneling Protocol), 269, 366
LAN. See local area network
LAN segment, 11-12
LAPB (Link Access Procedure-Balanced), 367-68
latency
join latency, 207
leave latency, 206
network latency, 34
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP), 269, 366
LCN (Logical Channel Number) field, 367-68
LCP (Link Control Protocol), 365
leave latency, 206
Length field
Advertisement Interval option, 152
Home Agent Information option, 153
IEEE 802.3 SNAP encapsulation, 358-59
MTU option, 150-51
ND options, 143-44
Prefix Information option, 145
Redirected Header option, 148
Route Information option, 154
Length of Payload field, 371-73
lifetime. See also preferred lifetime; valid lifetime
binding cache, 309, 314
binding update list, 315
home agent, 313
home agents list, 316
invalid state, 218
manually configured static route, 246
moving between foreign links, 344
Preferred Lifetime field, 146-47
RIPng for IPv6 operation, 250
Route Lifetime field, 155
Router Lifetime field, 160
Lifetime field, 104, 106, 314-15, 344
link. See also foreign link; home link; MTU option; point-to-point links
Advertisement Interval option, 313
complementing bits, 76
defined, 11-12
home agents list, 316
Local Management Interface, 369
mobility, 303
OSPF for IPv6, 251
processing packets, 242
router discovery, 186-87
Link Access Procedure-Balanced (LAPB), 367-68
Link Control Protocol (LCP), 365
link-layer
address resolution in, 60
ATM, 371
example protocols, 12
IPv6 MTU, 118
resolving addresses, 10
RFCs and Internet drafts, 391-92
link MTU
critical router loop, 95
defined, 13, 135
fragmentation, 113
Packet Too Big message, 128
parameter discovery, 140
processing packets, 243
Router Advertisement message, 158
static routing example, 253-54
link state, 249, 251-52
link state advertisements (LSAs), 249, 251
link state database (LSDB), 251
Link-Layer Address field, 346
link-local address
6over4, 274-75
6over4 address, 264
address autoconfiguration, 217, 219, 224-25
address resolution example, 175
address selection rules, 233, 269
address space allocation, 47
addresses, 62
autoconfiguration, 220
comparison, 81
complementing bits, 76
conversion example, 78
DNS dynamic update, 232
foreign links, 332, 342
Group ID field values, 59
home agents list, 316
interface startup process, 226
IPv6 default, 28
IPv6 Helper service, 283
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling example, 268
IPv6 protocol, 221
IPv6 routers, 63
ISATAP address, 264, 284-85
mobile nodes, 345
Multicast Listener Done message, 213
Multicast Listener Report message, 210
ping command, 277
Prefix Information option changes, 313
redirect function examples, 193
router discovery examples, 188
scope, 399
Scope field values, 59
scope ID. See Zone ID
static routing example, 254
structure, 55
Target Address field, 170
testing connectivity with, 273
unicast address type, 54
link-local scope, 204
link-local scope all-nodes multicast address
attaching to foreign link, 185, 187, 227, 275, 334
defined, 59-60
duplicate address detection, 182
IPv6 hosts, 62
IPv6 routers, 63
mobile node returning home, 347
Multicast Listener Query message, 208-9
Multicast Listener Report message, 204
Neighbor Advertisement message, 165-66
Router Advertisement message, 158
link-local scope all-routers multicast address
defined, 59
IPv6 routers, 63
mapping example, 275
Multicast Listener Done message, 213
Network Monitor example, 288
router discovery, 187
Router Solicitation message example, 156
LLC (Logical Link Control) header, 358, 360
Lmhosts file, 231, 286-87
LMI (Local Management Interface), 369
load balancing, 51, 161
local area network (LAN)
address autoconfiguration, 224
ATM, 370
connection properties, 28
DNS dynamic update, 233
IPv6 MTUs for, 119, 436
IPv6 packets, 355-64
Local Management Interface (LMI), 369
local use addresses, 54-56
Logical Channel Number (LCN) field, 367-68
longest matching route, 237, 238-40, 242, 348
loopback address
address autoconfiguration, 225
AI_PASSIVE flag, 379
comparison, 80
DNS dynamic update, 232
IPv6 addresses, 56, 62
IPv6 routers, 63
processing packets, 242-43
loopback interface, 56, 62-63
Loopback Pseudo-Interface, 225
loose source routing, 110
LSAs (link state advertisements), 249, 251
LSDB (link state database), 251
M
MAC. See media access control
Managed Address Configuration flag, 159, 219, 221
management information base (MIB), 25
manual configuration
6to4 parameters, 283
6to4 router, 278
attaching to home link, 331
autoconfiguration process, 220
comparison, 10
interface IDs, 74
interface startup process, 227
IPSec policies, 21
IPv6, 28
ISATAP, 283
mobile agents, 415
netsh interface ipv6 isatap set router, 287
PTR records, 233
routers, 219
static routing, 246
tunnel endpoints, 266, 374
tunneling configurations, 272
Manual route type, 238
manufacturer ID, 74-75
Maximum Receive Unit (MRU), 119, 366
Maximum Response Delay field, 209-11, 213-14
maximum transmission unit (MTU). See also IPv6 MTU; link MTU; path MTU
ATM networks, 371
critical router loop, 94
FDDI encapsulation, 364
Frame Relay, 370
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling, 374
for LANs and WANs, 436
PPP connections, 366
purpose, 13
router discovery, 187
Token Ring, 362
X.25 encapsulation, 368
MAX_MULTICAST_SOLICIT, 180
MAX_RTR_SOLICITATIONS, 187 MAX_UNICAST_SOLICITS, 181
MD5 hash, 21, 78-79
media access control (MAC)
6over4, 275
address resolution examples, 175-77
conversion example, 77
duplicate address detection example, 184
Ethernet header/trailer, 357
FDDI encapsulation, 362
foreign links, 334
IEEE 802.3 SNAP encapsulation, 359
IEEE 802.5 SNAP encapsulation, 361
interface identifiers, 46, 74-75
mobile nodes, 346-47
Multicast Listener Report message example, 212
multicast traffic, 60, 79-80, 203-4
ND message options, 142
Neighbor Advertisement message, 165
Neighbor Solicitation message, 163-64
redirect function examples, 192-95
Redirect message, 168
Router Advertisement message, 158
router discovery examples, 187-91
Source Address field example, 156
Source Link-Layer Address option, 157, 164
Target Link-Layer Address option, 167
Message Body field, 124-25
Message Digest 5 (MD5) hash, 21, 78-79
MIB (management information base), 25
Microsoft Developer Network, 375
Microsoft Internet Explorer, 24
Microsoft Systems Management Server, xxxiv, 205
Microsoft TCP/IP (version 6) protocol, 18, 28, 39
migration
to IPv6, 299
overview, 262-65
PortProxy, 296
RFCs and Internet drafts, 393
MLD. See Multicast Listener Discovery
Mobile IPv6 Home-Agents anycast address, 310, 333
mobile node
Advertisement Interval option, 313
binding acknowledgement, 309
binding cache, 314-15
binding update list, 315
Binding Update option, 308
communication initialization, 337-38
connection initialization, 335-36
correspondent node, 306-8, 317-25, 338-39, 349
foreign links, 332-35, 341-44
home address, 304, 309-10, 340-41
home agent, 325-30
home agent address discovery, 310
Home Agent Address Discovery Reply message, 311
Home Agent Address Discovery Request message, 311
home agent, 153
home agents list, 316
home link, 331-32, 339-40
host sending algorithm, 195-96
IPv6 mobility, 303, 305, 316
IPv6 routing process, 240
Prefix Information option changes, 313
returning home, 344-47
Router Advertisement message changes, 312
support, 307
terminations, 304
virtual mobile node, 305, 324
mobility. See IPv6 mobility
More Fragments flag, 112-13, 115
MTU field, 128, 150-51
MTU option
as ND option type, 438
ND options, 149-52
Router Advertisement message, 161, 171, 291, 439
static routing example, 253
multicast address
characteristics, 58-61
comparison, 10, 80
Echo Request messages, 132
host support, 62, 202-4
IPv4 address space, 46
IPv6 multicast support, 203
IPv6 routers, 63
as IPv6 type, 51
mapping to Ethernet addresses, 79-80
MLD, 201
Neighbor Solicitation message, 174
processing packets, 242-43
Scope field values, 435
structure, 400
translating, 274-75
Windows Sockets macros, 384
Multicast Address field, 208-11, 213-14
multicast group
attaching to foreign link, 333
Group ID field, 59-60
IPV6_JOIN_GROUP, 384
mobile node returning home, 346-47
moving between foreign links, 342
multicast addresses, 58
subnet, 202
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)
comparison, 10
messages, 124, 208-14
overview, 201-7
packet structure, 207-8
Router Alert option, 101
specifics, 124
Multicast Listener Done message, 204, 206, 212-14, 437
Multicast Listener Query message, 206, 208-10, 212, 214, 437
Multicast Listener Report message
comparison, 214
as ICMPv6 message, 437
interface startup process, 227-28
Maximum Response Delay field, 209-10
Multicast Listener Done message, 213
receiving and processing, 206
router support, 204
structure, 210-12
multicast promiscuous mode, 204
multicast support
host, 202-4
router, 204-7
multicast tunneling, 276-77
multihomed, 62, 336
Next
Last Updated: October 28, 2002
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