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Accessible Technology in Today's Business
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Author |
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Gary Moulton, LaDeana Huyler, Janice Hertz, Mark Levenson
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Pages |
256
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Disk |
1 Companion CD(s)
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Level |
All Levels
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Published |
05/01/2002
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ISBN |
9780735615014
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ISBN-10 |
0-7356-1501-2
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Price(USD) |
$34.99
To see this book's discounted price, select a reseller below.
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Index
Please note that Appendices A, B, and C are located only on the book's CD. Their page numbers are indicated as "A-," "B-," and "C- ," respectively, within the index.
1986 Amendment to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 100
A
AAC (augmentative and alternative communication devices), 45, 113, 116, 215, B-3
AATL (Advanced Assistive Technology Lab), 113
Ability Consulting, 140
abilityhub.com, 129
absentee rates, 11, 124
Access Board (U.S.), 18
access to information
interface design, 88-89, 197, 205, 206
Section 508 legislation, 18-19, 20, 21, 97
Access Utility for Windows, 38
accessibility, 25-26. See also accessible technology
business cases for, 14-16, 77
cultural issues, 90
features in software, 7-8, 27, 215
future directions of technology, 212-13
regulations, 16-22
sample requirements, A-1-A-2
in stores, 15-16, 138
testing, 185
usability and, 27-28
accessibility aids. See assistive technology products
Accessibility Program Office (Compaq), 147
accessible technology, 26-28, 215. See also assistive technology products
compatibility with software, 8, 27, 69, 179
customer appeal, 14-16
employee retention and, 4-11
foundations, 179-80
future of, 197-98
productivity enhancements, 7-10, 161
recruitment and, 11-14, 79, 122, 124
software features, 7-8, 27, 215
temporary disabilities and, 6-7
usability aspects, 148
accessible technology consultants, 83, 174, 181-84, 192-94
accessible technology plans
best practices, 171-72
common elements in, C-3
defining strategies, 173-75
design or purchase decisions, 179-85
identifying requirements, 175-79
implementation and training, 185-88
maintenance and results, 189-92
success factors, 192, C-3
Accessible Technology Policy (RBC), 82
accidents
acquired disabilities, 98
blindness and, 34
changing workforce and, 5
mobility impairments and, 37
operating system features and, 9-10
temporary disabilities, 6-7
accommodations
ADA definitions, 17-18
barriers to, 98-99
business cases for, 123-25
costs of, 12, 30, 58, 200-201
ongoing nature of, 90
planning. See accessible technology plans
policies, 78
proactive, 83, 96, 176, C-2
sensitivity in introducing, 99
accuracy rates in speech recognition systems, 60, 67
acquired disabilities. See accidents; aging; temporary disabilities
ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act), 17-18, 21, 100
adaptability. See flexibility
ADD (attention deficit disorder), 47
adjustable desks. See desk arrangements
administrative support. See managers
Advanced Assistive Technology Lab (AATL), 113
advocacy groups, 166
Affirmative Action, 146
aging
acquired disabilities, 4-6, 49-50, 98
demands on technology, 198
profiles, 50
self-identification of disability, 29
Windows XP accessibility and, 49-50
workforce changes and, 5-6, 79
Ai Squared. See ZoomText
Allen, Seville, 99
Alliance for Technology Access (ATA), 51, 192, 193, B-4-B-11
alternative input devices
costs, B-2
current situation, 200
examples, 39-41
future flexibility, 201
joysticks, 41, 66, 71, 217
keyboards, 39, 42, 114, 215, A-1, B-2
pointing devices, 39-41, 42, 66, 149, B-2
sip-and-puff systems, 40-41, 55, 220
wands or sticks, 41, 55, 56, 111, 219, 222
ALVA Braille display, 125-26, 128
ambient noise, 144, 151, 203
American Council on Education, 47
American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), 116
American Sign Language, 151, 204
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), 116
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 17-18, 21, 100
amplified headsets, 133, 143, 144
amplified speech, 204
amplified telephones, B-3
Answer Wizard, 202
anthropometrics, 113
AOTA (American Occupational Therapy Association), 116
aphasia, 44
appliance interfaces, 206-8
approved products. See certifying products
Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, 18
arm supports, B-3
arms, loss of, 37
ARPANET, 205
arthritis, 37, 49, 50
articulating keyboard trays, 72, B-3
ASCII characters, 90
ASHA (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association), 116
ASL (American Sign Language), 151, 204
assistive communication devices, 45, 113, 116, 215, B-3
Assistive Technologies Partner Program, 147
Assistive Technology Act of 1998, 101, 194
Assistive Technology Conference, 109
assistive technology consultants, 83, 174, 181-84, 192-94
Assistive Technology Decision Tree, 68-69, B-1-B-3
Assistive Technology Industry Association (ATIA), 51, 193
assistive technology products, 8, 27, 215
CAP program purchasing, 94
commercially available solutions, 69
computer-centered, B-2
consultants and resources, 51-52, 83, 181-84, 192-94
difficulties in using, B-11
dream products, 89
exchange programs, 108
future directions, 212-13
hearing impairment tools, 42-43, 44, B-2-B-3
in-house solutions, 69, 155
in-use solutions, 68
language impairment tools, 45-46, B-2-B-3, B-7-B-10
learning disabilities tools, 48, B-2-B-3, B- 7-B-11
lists of, 140, 180, 181
loan libraries, 108
as mainstream products, 90, 166, 212-13
mobility impairment tools, 38-39, B-2-B-3, B-6, B-7, B-11
need assessments, 94, 175, 177
office and telephone-centered, B-3
as productivity tools, 161
as recruitment tool, 11-14, 79, 122, 124
sample accessibility requirements, A-2
sample assessment questions, A-3-A-4
selection process, 181-84
UnumProvident resource guide, 70-72
visual impairment tools, 34-36, 44, B-2-B-3, B-5
Assistive Technology Resource Centers, 108
Assistive Technology Unit (Georgia), 102
AWT, 102-5, 110-11
Tools for Life, 108-9
assistive technology vendors (ATVs), 149
Assistive Work Technology Services (AWT), 102-5, 110-11
Assistivetech.net, 113
ATA (Alliance for Technology Access), 51, 192, 193, B-4-B-11
ATIA (Assistive Technology Industry Association), 51, 193
ATMs (automated teller machines), 77, 87
Attachmate terminal emulators, 63
attendance records, 11, 124
attending physicians, 73
attention deficit disorder, 47
ATVs (assistive technology vendors), 149
audiences for assistive technology, 166
audio ATMs, 77, 87
audio bank statements, 88
audio interfaces
audible notifications, 34, 162, 164
output options, 147
sample accessibility requirements, A-1
screen readers, 35
volume controls, 42
auditory impairments. See hearing impairments
augmentative and alternative communication devices (AAC), 45, 113, 116, 215, B-3
Australian legislation, 20
auto-dialers, 80, 216
automated teller machines, 77, 87
awareness of resources, 189, 190, 191
AWT (Assistive Work Technology Services), 102-5, 110-11
Ayotte, Sharlyn, 87-89
B
baby boomers, 5-6
back problems, 49, 50, B-1, B-2, B-3
background noise, 144, 151, 203
Ballmer, Steve, 14, 197, 213
Balunan, Steve, 152
bank statements, 77, 87
Bardeen, John, 204
barriers, removing. See accessibility
Battista, Brett, 74
Bell Labs, 204
BellSouth, 161
best practices. See accessible technology plans
bilateral epicondilitus, 65, 216
billing statements, 160-61
Black & Decker PowerLock, 114
blindness, 33-34
deaf-blindness, 44
operating system accessible features, 9
profiles and products used, 61-64, 87-89, 125-27, 154-57, 162-65
unemployment rates, 127
blinking on screens, A-1
BLN (Business Leadership Network), 193
Braille and Speak, 164
Braille bank statements, 77, 87
Braille book libraries, 26
Braille cells, 219
Braille displays
advantages and disadvantages, 70
bank interfaces, 88
buffers in, 155
costs, B-2
in-house development, 155
Notepad and, 130
portable, 126
refreshable, 35-36, 70, 219
spelling checks and, 81
work setting usage, 76, 125-26, 128
Braille documentation, 161
Braille embossers/printers, 35-36, 216
Braille writers, 126
work setting usage, 137, 162, 165
Braille phone bills, 161
Braille signage, 131
Braille translation programs, 128, 216
brain-wave pointing devices, 40
brand awareness, 15
Brattain, Walter, 204
brick concept, 83
Brintz, Bob, 146
browsers. See Internet Explorer
budgeting. See costs
buffers for Braille displays, 155
bulk purchasing, 98
Burgos, Rick, 143-45
Burke, Diana, 79-80, 82
Bush, George W., 99
"Business Benefits of Accessible Information Technology IT Design" course, 194
business cases, 123-25, 165
business commitment to diversity
accessible technology plans, 171-72
benefits of, 14
Cingular Wireless, 159-62
Compaq Computer Corporation, 146-47
corporate citizenship, 15
corporate standards, 139
customer appeal, 14-16
employee retention, 4-11
formalizing accommodation process, 69
GM Corporation, 162-65
Home Depot, 15
Intel corporate culture, 4
Marriott International, Inc., 10, 15
Microsoft Corporation, 14
public images of companies, 12-13
RBC Financial Group, 76-77
regulations, 16-22
Sears, Roebuck and Co., 120, 121-23
tax benefits and, 16
UnumProvident, 57-58
Business Leadership Network (BLN), 193
business objectives, 174
business plans, 173
"Buy Accessible" Web site, 147
C
Cahill, Jamie, 109-12
calculators, talking, B-2
California State University Center on Disabilities, 51
Call One Inc., 133
Canadian government
legislation, 16, 19-20
Web sites, 22
Canadian Human Rights Commission, 19-20
Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB), 75, 85
CAP (Computer/Electronic Accommodations Program)
overview, 93-95
programs and initiatives, 95-99
CAPTEC (CAP Technology Evaluation Center), 94-95
captioning, 43, 216, B-3
career centers, 104
Careers & the disAbled, 13
carpal tunnel syndrome, 57, 59, 98, 216
catalogs of products, 180
cataracts, 34
CATEA. See Georgia Institute of Technology CATEA
CCTVs (closed-circuit TVs), 72, 75, B-3
CD, companion, 193
cell phones, 89
cells in Braille, 219
Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, 113
Center on Disabilities at California State University (CSUN), 51
centralizing efforts, 90-91
CentreVu Agent, 72
cerebral palsy, 34, 37, 113-14, 131-32
Cerf, Vinton, 205
certifying products
documenting process, 90-91
RBC, 181
Sears, 134
UnumProvident, 69
character-based output, 90
charts in documents, 130
chat sessions, 156, 217
check-writing templates, 87
Chiu, Eric, 76, 90
Cingular Wireless, 159-62, 166
CINTEX3 dialing system, 120
Cirque Smart Cat touch pad, 71
Citrix mainframe clients, 156-57
Cleghorn, John, 3, 77
closed captioning, 43, 216, B-3
closed-circuit televisions, 72, 75, B-3
Closing the Gap, Inc., 51-52
CNIB (Canadian National Institute for the Blind), 75, 85
cochlear implants, 151
Cognitive Disabilities Guide, 109
cognitive impairments. See also learning impairments
accommodations for, 108
assistive technology decision tree, B-1
computer-centered technologies, B-2
delayed speech, 44
future workplace scenarios, 211
Microsoft Guides by Disability, 188
profiles and products used, 46, 105-8, 199
telephone and office technologies, B-3
typical tasks and difficulties, B-7-B-10
cognitive processing deficits, 105, 216
Cohen, Dinah, 94, 98
collaboration between computers and devices. See compatibility
collaboration in office settings, 4, 10-11, 175, A-2
color blindness, 33, 153
color on displays, 33, 107, 159, A-1
command-line interfaces, 197
commercial sector initiatives, 117
commercially available products, 69, A-3
committees, 175, 191
common mistakes, C-4
communication
accessible technology and, 10-11
eliminating duplicate efforts, 91
identifying needs in, 175
productivity and, 4
companion CD, 193
Companion Note Taker, 126
Compaq Computer Corporation
Assistive Technology committee, 159
Compaq Accessibility Program, 149-52
Compaq Solutions Alliance program, 147
as employer of choice, 146-47
history of accommodations, 147-48
in-house Braille display development, 155
lessons learned, 166
profiles and products used, 143-45, 152-59
usability design, 148
Compaq iPAQ, 159
compatibility, 8
certification of products, 69
between products and computers, 200
between products and software, 27, 179
CompTIA, 147, 216
Computer Technology in Special Education and Rehabilitation Conference, 51-52
Computer/Electronic Accommodations Program (CAP), 93-95, 95-99
computers
accessible design, 148
computer-centered technologies, B-2
recycling programs, 108
typical tasks and difficulties, B-11
voice-activated computers, 110, 120, 165
Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA), 147, 216
conference calls, 158, 205
conferences
Assistive Technology Conference, 109
Computer Technology in Special Education and Rehabilitation Conference, 51-52
Technology and Persons with Disabilities Annual Conference, 51
Wellsizing the Workplace conference, 77
conferencing technologies, 104, 205
consultants, 83, 174, 181-84, 192-94
consumers. See customers
contact points for accessibility plans, 190-91
continuous-speech recognition. See speech recognition systems
contracted vs. internal resources, C-4
controllers for appliances, 206, 216
conversations
conference calls, 158, 205
conferencing technologies, 104, 205
instant messaging, 9, 11, 144, 205, A-2
real-time discussions, 11
converting languages, 204-5
Conway, Susan, 171
Conway, Wanda, 130
Coombs, Frank, 103
core teams in needs assessments, 94
corporate commitment to diversity. See business commitment to diversity
costs
accessible technology plan definitions, 174
accommodations, 12, 30, 58, 89, C-2
budgeting for technology, 174
bulk purchasing, 98
common mistakes in plans, C-4
computer-centered technologies, B-2
controlled appliances and, 207
recruiting, 12
telephone and office technologies, B-3
temporary disabilities and, 7
UnumProvident resource guide, 70-72
updates and integration, 200-201
workers' compensation claims, 7, 98, C-2
Creative Labs Modem Blaster, 132
CSA (Compaq Solutions Alliance), 147
CSUN (Center on Disabilities at California State University), 51
cultural issues
barriers to accommodations, 98-99
disability culture, 14
open culture, 146
resolving, 90
curb cuts, 27
current state of technologies
evaluations, 175, 176-78
input and output devices, 200
speech recognition systems, 55
workplace scenarios, 209-12
cursors, A-2
customer premises equipment, 19
customers
Braille bank statements, 77
consumer groups, 166
consumer loyalty, 15
corporate citizenship and, 15
diversity efforts and, 14
evaluating systems for accessibility, 177
RBC services for, 87
sample accessibility requirements, A-1-A-2
Sears services for, 138-39
customization
adaptable systems, 203
adaptive interfaces, 205
.NET platform, 199-201, 203
operating system flexibility, 11
seamlessness, 199, 203
D
data
accessibility and management, A-2
in-house database problems, 165
intuitive access to, 205
local vs. universal access, 200
snapshot images of, 156-57
Davidson, Tina, 65-68
De La Torre, Gustavo, 4
deaf-blindness, 44
deafness. See hearing impairments
decision trees, 68-69, B-1-B-3
decoders for captioning, 43
DECTalk, 126
defining strategies, 173-75
delayed speech, 44
delaying disabilities, 79
demonstration versions of software, 140, 157
deployment of plans, 186-87
desk arrangements
adjustable workstations, B-3
customized work tables, 111
furniture manufacturing, 113
mobility impairments and, 120
modifications to, 68
stand-up desks, 58
device independence, 83, 216
diabetes, 34, 51
Dialog 3 display TTY, 128
dials on appliances, 206
dictation systems, 55, 56, 65, 67, 221, B-2. See also speech recognition systems
Digh, Patty, 14, 15, 16
Digital Equipment Corporation, 147
Directive for Patients' Rights, 96-97
disabilities, 17, 27-28. See also specific disabilities
aging and, 4-6
attitudes towards, 29-31
decision trees, 68-69, B-1-B-3
incidence of, 3, 29-30, 49, 50-51, 80
likelihood of development, 5, 49
regulations, 16-22
resources on, 51-52
temporary, 4-7, 9-10, 98
types of, 31-50
disability culture, 14
disability managers, 73
Disability Statistics Center, 50-51
Disability World, 22
disAbled Associate Network, 122, 130, 191
Disabled Businesspersons Association, 15
Discover Card, 128-29
discretionary income, 14
discrimination, 17, 90
display colors, 33, 107, 159, A-1
display screens. See screen displays
diversity. See business commitment to diversity
diversity network at Sears, 121, 122, 130
diversity training, 147
doctors, 73
documentation
Compaq Accessibility Program, 149
electronic and Braille versions of, 161
standards and processes, 90-91
dogs, 125, 208
door openers, 114
Dorety, Michael, 151, 152
DOS-based applications, 80-81, 82
Dragon Dictate, 216
advantages and disadvantages, 70
mobility impairments, 93, 107, 110, 120
work setting usage, 66, 88, 128
Dragon Naturally Speaking
accuracy rates, 60, 67
advantages and disadvantages, 70
carpal tunnel syndrome and, 59
cognitive impairments and, 107
macros, 67
mobility impairments and, 55, 120
short text input, 56
tendonitis and, 66
work setting usage, 55, 128
dream assistive technology products, 89-90
Drigot, Abbey, 150-52
drop-down menus, 9, 130, 162
Drummond, Jan, 124, 127-28
dual headsets, 133
dual monitors, 204, 216-17
duplicate efforts, eliminating, 91
Duxbury system, 128
dyslexia, 47
E
EASI (Equal Access to Software and Information), 193-94
e-book technology, 26
echoing keystrokes, 63
education. See training
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, 100
EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission), 146
EFMP (Exceptional Family Member Program), 97
elbow supports, B-3
electronic book technology, 26
electronic conversations, 9, 11, 144, 205, A-2
electronic pointing devices, 40, 217
e-mail
in collaboration and communication, 11
evaluating for accessibility, 177
hearing impairments and, 9
invention of, 205
JAWS and, 163
sample accessibility requirements, A-2
speech impairments and, 132
spreading plan awareness, 190
e-mail aliases for support, 191
embedded controllers, 206
Emory University Hospital, 113
employee retention
accessible technology and, 4-11, 68
aging workforce, 5-6
changing workforce, 4-5
collaboration and communication, 10-11
job performance and retention rates, 11
productivity enhancements, 7-10
temporary disabilities, 6-7
training costs and, 10
employees
absentee rates, 11, 124
aging, 4-6
awareness of resources, 73-74, 189, 190, 191
benefits of diversity, 14
changes in workforce, 4-5
collaboration and communication, 10-11
employment rates, 14, 30, 93, 127, 160
involvement at all levels, 115
median age, 5
orientation sessions, 190
preventing or delaying disabilities, 79
productivity, 4, 7-10, 99, 161
recruiting talent. See recruiting employees
retention. See employee retention
role in product selection process, 183
sample accessibility requirements, A-1-A-2
tax benefits for diversity hiring practices, 16
Employees with Disabilities Advisory Council, 77, 78
Employment Equity Act, 19
employment rates, 14, 30, 93, 127, 160
Enkidu Research, 114
Equal Access to Software and Information (EASI), 193-94
Equal Citizenship for Canadians with Disabilities: The Will to Act, 20
equal employment incentives, 77
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 146
equipment. See assistive technology products
ergonomic keyboards, B-2
ergonomists, 65, 184
European Union, 16, 20
evaluation software, 140, 157
Excel, JAWS and, 81
Exceptional Family Member Program (EFMP), 97
expenses. See costs
expertise
CAP program, 95
centralizing, 90-91
consultants and resources list, 51-52, 192-94
external resources vs. internal, 140
role in product selection process, 181-84
eXtensible Markup Language (XML), 206
external resources vs. internal, 140, C-4
eye disorders, 51. See also visual impairments
eye movement pointing devices, 40
F
Faking It: A Look into the Mind of a Creative Learner, 106
Falls, Ophelia, 8
family support, 97
FCC (Federal Communications Commission), 17
FDLE (Florida Department of Law Enforcement), 150
federal government. See Australian legislation; Canadian government; European Union; Japanese legislation; Portuguese legislation; U.S. government
feedback on technology plans, 189
file management and access, 205, A-2
filtering background noise, 144, 151, 203
FilterKeys, 38, 217
financial industry
accessible customer services, 87
profiles and products used, 75-76, 80-81, 85-89
fingers, loss of, 37
Fiore, Michael, C-1-C-4
five-step plans, 171-72
flashing on screens, A-1
flat panel buttons, 206
flexibility
adaptable systems, 203
adaptive interfaces, 205
evaluating, 177
.NET platform, 199-201
operating systems, 11
Florida Department of Law Enforcement, 150
follow-up on technology plans, 189
fonts
fancy font problems, 156
JAWS and, 90
low vision and, 85
resizing, 9
foot-pedal mouse systems, 66, B-2
Fortune 500 companies hiring patterns, 11
foundations of accessible technology, 179-80
Frank, Jim, 124, 129, 132, 134-35
Freedom Scientific. See JAWS for windows
furniture. See desk arrangements
future directions in programs, 99
future directions in technology
dream future products, 89-90
language conversion, 204-5
mainstreaming of accessible technology, 212-13
managing appliances and environments, 206-8
Microsoft .NET, 199-201
natural language and speech recognition, 202
overview, 197-98
trends and expectations, 198-208
workplace scenarios, 209-12
G
Georgia Advocacy Project, 109
Georgia Department of Education, 109
Georgia Department of Labor, 102, 104
Georgia Institute of Technology, 101
Georgia Institute of Technology CATEA
customized work spaces, 111
Georgia's approach to programs, 104
services and programs, 112-13, 114
Georgia Project for Assistive Technology, 109
Georgia Southern University, 101
Georgia state accessibility programs, 101-2, 104
Georgia State Vocational Rehabilitation Assistive Technology Services, 101
Georgia Statewide Funding Guide, 109
Georgia Vocational Rehabilitation Program, 101-2, 110, 115-16
Gilikson, Deborah, 58-61
Gillespie, Brad, 80-81
glare guards, 70, B-2
glaucoma, 34, 36
Global Positioning System (GPS), 213, 217
GM Corporation, 162-65, 166
GM Micro Window-Eyes, 150
GPS (Global Positioning System), 213, 217
graphic images of data, 156-57
graphical user interfaces. See GUIs
graphical idea trees, B-2
graphics, text as, 156-57
GSA (General Services Administration), 18
Gtrade program, 108
guide dogs, 125
Guides by Disability, 188
GUIs (graphical user interfaces), 217
character-based output and, 89-90
converting to audio, 35
screen readers and, 197
H
H2 Software, 137, 217
Hackwell, Kay, 128-29, 139, 140, 141
Half Qwerty keyboards, 42
Handicapped Infants and Toddlers Act of 1986, 100
hands, impairment or loss of, 37
hands-free telephones, B-2
hardware. See assistive technology products
Hartford Insurance Company, 111
Hawking, Steven, 11
head mouse devices, 149
headsets
costs, B-3
dual, 133
wireless, 72
work setting usage, 55, 128, 143, 144
healthcare industry profiles and products used, 55-68
Healthy Work Practices Program, 96
hearing aids, 133, 151, 158
hearing dogs, 208
hearing impairments
age-related, 5, 49
assistive technology decision tree, B-1
computer-centered technologies, B-2
deaf-blindness, 44
future workplace scenarios, 210-11
incidence of, 51
language conversion, 204-5
Microsoft Guides by Disability, 188
operating system features, 9, 42
profiles and products used, 43-44, 128, 133-34, 143-45, 150-52, 157-59, 205
self-identification, 29
telephone and office technologies, B-3
visual notifications, 9, 42, 44
Windows XP accessibility features, 42
heating systems, UPnP and, 207
Higgins, Glenn, 55-57
high-resolution monitors, B-2
hiring. See recruiting employees
Hollerith, Herman, 199
Home Depot, 15
home offices. See telecommuting
homonym color coders, 107
hot keys. See keyboard shortcuts
HotKeys utility, 137, 217
HP scanners, 71
HR (human resources), 130, 134, 181-84, 189
human factors research at Compaq, 149
human resources, 130, 134, 181-84, 189
Human Rights Act, 19-20, 22
I
"I Make It Barrier-Free" program, 77, 78
IBM Corporation, 38, 199
iCan Web site, 164
iCommunicator system, 150-52
icon size, 85
IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1991), 100
idictate.com, 56
IEPs (Individual Education Plans), 100
"illegally blind," 87
Illinois Center for Rehabilitation and Education, 121
illness, 98
image management software, 56
IMPACT speech synthesizer, 114
implementing technology plans, 186-87
income, 14
income-protection services, 55, 217
Individual Education Plans (IEPs), 100
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1991, 100
Industry Labor Council, 122
information access regulations, 16-22
infrared pointing devices, 40
infrastructure of computer interactions, 199
in-house software and systems
accessibility to, 82
evaluating for accessibility, 177, 184-85
implementing upgrades, 187
problems with, 165
programming guidelines, 140
sample assessment questions, A-4
Innovative Management Group, 115
input, 217
input devices. See alternative input devices
Inspiration visual thinking software, 107
instant messaging, 9, 11, 144, 205, A-2
Intel Corporation, 4
intelligent preferences, 200, 203
IntelliMouse, 70
Interactive Solutions iCommunicator, 150-52
interdisciplinary teams, 115
interface design, 88-89, 197, 205, 206
internal resources vs. contracted, C-4
internal systems. See in-house software and systems
International Business Machines, 38, 199
International Center for Disability Resources on the Internet, 22
international legislation, 22
Internet. See e-mail; instant messaging; Web sites
Internet Explorer
compatibility, 180
JAWS and, 81, 156
keyboard shortcuts, 164
tutorials for accessibility options, 188
Internet Relay Chat (IRC), 156, 217
intranets
evaluating for accessibility, 177, 184-85
JAWS and, 81
spreading awareness, 130, 190, 191
inverse displays, 153
invisible disabilities, 28
Iolo Technologies, 132
Iowa Department for the Blind, 140
Iowa Division of Vocational Rehab Services, 140
iPAQs, 159
IRC (Internet Relay Chat), 156, 217
IT staff
accessibility training, 83, 182
bringing into the loop, 140
business application development, 201
deploying assistive technology, 186
importance of, 74, 90
role in solutions, 73
Sears search for solutions, 129
support for accessibility plans, 190-91
J
Jackson, Rosemary, 106
Jacobs, Steven I., 193-94
Jacobson, Neil, 16
JAN (Job Accommodation Network), 194
Japanese legislation, 16, 20
JAWS for Windows
advantages and training costs, 72
Braille displays and, 155
cell phones and, 89
Compaq Accessibility Program and, 149
customer usage, 88
defined, 217
font problems and, 90
low vision and, 86
RBC approval, 76, 80
tones of voice, 164
work setting usage, 62-63, 126, 128, 136- 37, 162, 163-64
Job Accommodation Network (JAN), 194
Jodry, Blair, 89-90
Johansson, Anders, 152-54
Johnson, Gloria, 160
Johnson, Martha, 83
Jones, Geoff, 86-87, 90
Jones, Willie, 162-65
joysticks, 41, 66, 71, 217. See also wands and sticks
K
Kay, Alan, 25
keyboard filters, 37, 39, 45, 132, 217-18
keyboard injuries. See repetitive stress injuries
keyboard shortcuts, 218
alternatives to menus, 9, 130, 162
importance of, 56-57, 162
mobility impairments and, 85
Windows XP, 34
keyboards. See also keypads; on-screen keyboards
advantages, 71
alternative input devices, 39-41, 42, 114, 215, A-1, B-2
articulating trays, 72
one-handed, 42, B-2
operating systems and, 9
over- or undersized, B-2
safety guides, 147
sample accessibility requirements, A-2
split, 40
typical tasks and difficulties, B-6
keyguards (keyboard filters), 37, 39, 45, 132, 217-18
keypads, 40, 62, 71, B-2
KeyPlus TTY, 128
Kinesis Maxim keyboards and keypads, 71
kinetic beepers, B-3
Kniskern, Joy, 101-2, 103-4, 115-16
knowledge bases, 163
Kurzweil screen reader, 107, 126, 128, 163
L
Lacy, Alan J., 122
Lakhani, Mumtaz, 75-76
Langton, Tony, 103
language and speech impairments, 44-46. See also cognitive impairments
computer-centered technologies, B-2
Microsoft Guides by Disability, 188
profiles and products used, 46, 113-14, 131-32
telephone and office technologies, B-3
language conversion, 204-5
language therapists, 116
large-button telephones, B-3
large keyboards, B-2
large monitors, 70, B-2
large-print checks, 77, 87
large-print documentation, 161
large-print monthly statements, 88, 161
large-print output, 89
large-print word processors, 36, 221
larynx. See speech synthesizers
Laughrey, Jannet, 136-38
laws, 16-22, 100-101
learning disability software, 48, 219
learning impairments. See also cognitive impairments
accommodations for, 48, 108
assistive technology decision tree, B-1
Cognitive Disabilities Guide, 109
computer-centered technologies, B-2
future workplace scenarios, 212
incidence of, 47, 51
profiles and products used, 49, 105-8
self-identification, 29
talking and large-print word processors, 36
telephone and office technologies, B-3
types of, 47
typical tasks and difficulties, B-7-B-10
Windows XP features, 47
LED display readers for phones, B-3
Lee, Christopher, 105-8
legacy systems
evaluating for accessibility, 177, 184-85
leveraging, 178
sample assessment questions, A-4
"legally blind," 33, 87
legislation, 16-22, 100-101
leveraging legacy systems, 178
light telephone ringers, B-3
Lighthouse for the Blind, 137, 140
lighting systems, UPnP and, 207
links, identifying on Web sites, 164
Lippert, Marty, 82
lists of products, 140, 180, 181
literacy programs, 48
Litt, Tim, 155
loan libraries, 108
locks, remote controlled, 114
Logitech trackballs, 84, 129
long documents, 56
long-term disability costs, 58
low self-esteem, 119
low vision impairments, 32
problems self-identifying, 99
profiles and products used, 85-87, 136-38, 152-54
low-margin businesses, 123
loyalty, 124
M
Macro Magic, 132
macros, 61, 67, 80, B-2
macular degeneration, 34
Madentec Tracker 2000 head mouse, 149
MAGic for Windows NT, 72, 128
Magnifier, 32, 33, 111, 218
magnifying screen. See screen magnifiers
mainframe systems, 82
mainstream technology
assistive technology as, 90, 166
future directions of technology, 212-13
managers
awareness efforts, 189
importance of support, 73, 90, 174, C-3
involvement at all levels, 115
role in product selection process, 183
manual navigation, 61
manuals, 161
manufacturing industry profiles and products used, 143-45
marketing
accessibility and, 16
CAP services, 95-98
Marriott Foundation for People with Disabilities, 15
Marriott International, Inc., 10, 15
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 67
McAdams, Jerry, 6
McMahon, Mike, 134
median age of workforce, 5
medical professionals. See also ergonomists; occupational nurses; occupational therapists; speech therapists
role in assessment, 73
role in product selection process, 184
meeting notes, 126, 137, 165, B-3
mental retardation, 47, 51
mentoring, 121
menus, alternatives to, 9, 130, 162
Mercer Engineering Research Center, 101
Messenger, 162
Meyer, Ellen, 184
microphones, 55, 56, 67, 72, 143
Microsoft Accessibility Web site, 180, 194
Microsoft Corporation
diversity and customer satisfaction, 14
ergonomics evaluations, 184
Microsoft Guides by Disability, 188
Microsoft Lifelong Learning Lab, 109
selection process for products, 181
standardizing elements in software, 63
Microsoft Developer Network Accessible Technology section, 194
Microsoft Excel, 81
Microsoft FilterKeys, 38, 217
Microsoft Internet Explorer. See Internet Explorer
Microsoft Magnifier, 32, 33, 111, 218
Microsoft MouseKeys, 9, 38, 130, 132
Microsoft Narrator, 32, 218
Microsoft .NET. See .NET platform
Microsoft NetMeeting, 143, 144
Microsoft On-Screen Keyboard, 32, 218-19
Microsoft Outlook, 60, 81, 143, 144, 188
Microsoft PowerPoint, 49
Microsoft SerialKeys, 38, 45, 220
Microsoft ShowSounds, 38, 42, 44, 220
Microsoft SoundSentry, 42, 44, 220
Microsoft StickyKeys, 37, 56, 130, 132, 220-21
Microsoft TechNet, 186, 218
Microsoft Utility Manager, 32, 222
Microsoft Windows. See Windows operating systems
Microsoft Windows Messenger, 143, 144, 162
Microsoft Windows XP. See Windows XP
Microsoft Word, 81, 188
military base schools, 97
Military Health System and Treatment Facilities, 96
mistakes, common, C-4
Miyares, Urban, 15
mobile devices
Global Positioning System and, 213
UPnP and, 207-8
mobility impairments
aging and, 5
appliance interfaces and, 206
assistive technology decision tree, B-1
assistive technology products, 38-39
computer design and, 148
computer-centered technologies, B-2
future workplace scenarios, 209-10
keyboard shortcuts and, 85
Microsoft Guides by Disability, 188
profiles and products used, 42, 55-61, 65- 68, 84-85, 93, 107, 109-12, 114-15, 119-21, 131-32
Sears assistive technology solutions, 128
telephone and office technologies, B-3
types of, 37
typical tasks and difficulties, B-6, B-7
Windows XP features, 37-38
monitor glare guards, 70, B-2
Montelongo, Matthew C., 157-59
morale, 7, 124
Morales, Wil, 114-15
Moscoso, Glenn, 113-14
motivation, 124
mouse and pointing devices
alternative input devices, 39-41, 42
costs, B-2
foot-pedal mouse systems, 66, B-2
head mouse, 149
mobility features, 37
sample accessibility requirements, A-2
touch-pad mouse systems, 66, 71
typical tasks and difficulties, B-7
MouseKeys, 9, 38, 130, 132
mouth sticks, 111
MS. See multiple sclerosis
MSDN Accessible Technology section, 194
MTFs (Military Treatment Facilities), 96
multiple sclerosis, 34, 218
mobility impairments, 37
profiles and products used, 93, 109-12
muscular dystrophy, 114-15
My-T-Soft keyboard, 114
N
NanoPac Inc., 120
Narrator, 32, 218
National Business and Disability Council (NBDC), 122, 192
National Cristina Foundation, 108
National Federation of the Blind, 26
National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR), 38, 102
natural language, 199, 202, 218
navigation in software, 59, 61, 67, 164
NBDC (National Business and Disability Council), 122, 192
Needham, Tim, 131-32
needs assessments
CAP program, 94
employee and managerial roles in, 183
expertise in, 181-84
identifying requirements, 175-79
medical professional roles in, 73
sample assessment questions, A-3-A-4
task assessments, B-4-B-11
nerve deafness, 157-59
nerve-signal pointing devices, 40
.NET platform
computer and device collaboration, 200
costs of ownership and, 201
natural language and speech recognition, 202
personalization, 199-201, 203
seamless customization, 203
user experience, 203-4
Web site, 201
NetMeeting, 143, 144
New Freedom Initiative, 99, 101
newsletters for accessibility plans, 190, 191
newspapers, 126-27
NIDRR (National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research), 38, 102
Norcomm microphones, 56
Norris, Tony, 119-21, 124
Norton, Gay, 133-34
Notepad, 130
note-taking, 126, 137, 165, B-3
numeric keypads, 40, 62, 71, B-2
nutritionists, 110
O
objectives
accessible technology plans, 173
business, 174
occupational nurses, 146
occupational therapists, 57, 103, 218
OCR (optical character recognition), 71, 107, B-2
Office
accessibility comparison charts, 178
accessibility options in, 107, 166, 180
Answer Wizard, 202
JAWS and, 163
sharing applications, 162
office-centered assistive technologies, B-3
Office of Disability Employment Policy (DoL), 96
office productivity software, 179-80
off-the-shelf technology, 69, A-3
one-handed typing
Half Qwerty keyboards, 42
keyboard costs, B-2
operating system accessible features, 9
one-touch dialing, 161
ongoing nature of accommodation, 90
online resources at Sears, 134
"online storefronts," 15-16, 138
On-Screen Keyboard, 32, 218-19
on-screen keyboards, 39, 107, 114, 219
operating costs. See costs
operating systems
accessible features, 9-10, 42
compatibility with products, 8
evaluating, 177
flexibility and, 11
as "foundation," 179-80
sample accessibility requirements, A-2
tutorials for accessibility options, 186
upgrades, 178
optical character recognition, 71, 107, B-2
orientation sessions, 190
Orris, David, 93
orthopedic impairment, 49, 50, 51
OS/2, 132
Outlook, 60, 81, 143, 144, 188
output, 219
output devices
audio interfaces, 147
Braille, 35-36, 126, 137, 162, 165, 216
character-based output, 90
current situation, 200
future flexibility, 201
large-print output, 89
speech output, 155, 161
outsourced vs. internal resources, C-4
oversized keyboards, B-2
oversized monitors, 70, B-2
ownership of technology plans, 174
P
Pacific Bell Wireless, 161
pain impairments, 64-65
Palmer, Susan K., 160, 161, 162
paper documents, 164
PaperPort software, 56, 219
paralysis, 119
Parkinson's disease, 37
partnerships in plans, 174
PDAs, 89, 159, B-2
Pelletier, Elmer, 61-64
people with disabilities. See also disabilities
absentee rates, 11, 124
acquired disabilities, 4-6, 49, 98
Canadian statistics, 30, 80, 87
as customers. See customers
employment rates, 14, 30, 93, 127, 160
European Union statistics, 20
Georgia statistics, 107
hiring patterns, 11
income statistics, 14
job performance and retention, 4-11
profiles. See profiles under specific disabilities
U.S. statistics, 29-30
worldwide statistics, 3
periodicals, 126-27
Perkins Brailler machines, 137
personal assistants, 94
personal digital assistants, 89, 159, B-2
personal profiles. See profiles under specific disabilities
personal readers, 126, B-3
personal supports, 78
personal translators, B-3
personalization of technology. See customization
Phonak HandyMic TX3, 143
phone conferencing, 158, 205
phones. See also headsets
amplified, B-3
billing statement formats, 160-61
cell phones, 89
foot switches, 72, B-3
hands-free, B-2
large-button, B-3
LED display readers, B-3
light ringers, B-3
one-touch and speed dialing, 161
PC-based, 72
speaker phones, 132
telephone-centered technologies, 128, B-3
toggle switches, 72
phonetic spelling checkers, 107
phrases, natural use of, 202
physical access. See also desk arrangements
RBC facilities, 77, 79
regulations, 16-22
stores, 138
transit arrangements, 127
physicians, 73
Plantronics headsets, 143, 144
Pocket PCs, 159
pointing devices. See mouse and pointing devices
points of view, accessibility and, 25
policies, accommodation. See accommodations
portable Braille display, 126
Portable IMPACT speech synthesizer, 114
porting labs, 150
Portuguese legislation, 20
PowerBraille 40 display, 128, 136
PowerPoint, 49
prediction utilities. See word prediction utilities
preferences, software, 200, 201, 203
presentation software, 49, 177
President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities, 122
preventing disabilities, 79, 96, 176, C-2
prioritizing system upgrades, 185, A-2
private sector initiatives, 117
proactive accommodation, 83, 96, 176, C-2
processes
awareness of new technology, 116
decision trees, 68-69, B-1-B-3
documenting, 90-91
importance of standardization, 74
ongoing learning, 90
selecting products, 181-84
productivity
addressing root problems, 99
assistive technology products and, 161
collaboration and communication, 4
employees with disabilities, 10
enhancements due to technology, 7-10
office productivity software, 179-80
Program Able, 131
Program for the Employment of the Physically Handicapped, 122
Proper, Joel, 58
proprietary systems. See in-house software and systems
psychological impairments. See cognitive impairments; learning impairments
public images of companies, 12-13, 15
puff systems, 40-41, 55, 219, 220
Pulse Data International, Ltd., 126
punch cards, 199
push buttons, 206
Q
Qazilbash, Hassan, 85-86
Quad Media Portable Interactive Kiosk, 150
quadriplegia
assistive technology decision tree, B-1
computer-centered technologies, B-2
profiles and products used, 55-57, 119-21
telephone and office technologies, B-3
Quantum Technology, 137
R
Ramseur, Hunter, 104, 112, 117
Randolf Sheppard Act, 141
range of motion. See mobility impairments
RBC Financial Group
Accessible Technology Consultants, 174
accessible technology team efforts, 82-84
accommodation policies and programs, 78
barrier-free environments, 79-80
business objectives, 173-74
certified products list, 181
customer services, 87
employment statistics, 80
history of hiring practices, 76-79
lessons learned, 90-91
profiles and products used, 75-76, 80-81, 84-87
readers (personal), 94, B-3
reading back typing, 164
reading comprehension
reading tools, 48, 219
software, 48, 219
typical tasks and difficulties, B-9
real-time captioning, B-3
reasonable accommodations, 17-18
Re-authorization of Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 100-101
ReBoot Computer Recycling Program, 108
recreational therapists, 110
recruiting employees
accessible technology and, 11-14
accessible technology teams, 115
Cingular Wireless, 160
Compaq Computer Corporation, 146-47
costs of, 12
finding accessible technology experts, 104
good public image and, 12-13
hiring patterns, 11
Home Depot, 15
incentives, 16, 124
Intel Corporation, 4
Marriott Hotels, 15
RBC Financial Group, 79
Sears, 122
UnumProvident, 58
U.S. Department of Labor programs, 96
recycling computers, 108
reengineering systems, 185
refreshable Braille displays, 35-36, 70, 219
regulations, 16-22, 100-101
rehabilitation, 102, 110, 115
Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 18-19, 20, 21, 97, 100-101
Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA), 115-16, 194
rehabilitation professionals
core concerns, 115
counselors, 110
engineers, 103, 112, C-1-C-4
role in product selection process, 184
technicians, 103
technologists, 103
Rehabilitative Engineering Research Centers, 112-13
relay services, 139
remote access
appliance control, 207-8
computers, 198
remote-control locks, 114
repetitive stress injuries, 37
profiles and products used, 58-61, 65-68
speech recognition technology, 57
requirements, identifying. See needs assessments
RESNA (Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America), 115-16, 194
resources
list of consultants and resources, 51-52, 192-94
outsourced vs. internal resources, C-4
responsibilities in accessible technology plans, 174
retail industry
profiles and products used, 119-21, 131-34, 136-38
store accessibility, 15-16, 138
retaining employees. See employee retention
retardation, 47, 51
retinitis pigmentosa, 125
reverse displays, 153
risk analysis, A-3-A-4
roadmapping screens, 81
Roebuck, Alvah C., 121
Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation, 106-7
S
safety guides, 147
sample accessibility requirements, A-1-A-2
sample technology assessment questions, A-3-A-4
SBC, 161
scalability of solutions, 178
scanners
advantages, 71
costs, B-2
image management software, 56
importing written materials, 81
work setting usage, 55-56, 162, 164
scanning in on-screen keyboards, 39
Scott Task Force, 20
screen displays
color blindness and, 33
display colors, 33, 107, 159, A-1
dual monitors, 204
large monitors, 70, B-2
sample accessibility requirements, A-1
typical tasks and difficulties, B-5
screen enlargers, 34, 219
compared to magnifiers, 32
dual monitors and, 204
work setting usage, 36
screen magnifiers, 34
costs, B-2
low vision and, 32
work setting usage, 57, 76, 86
screen readers, 35, 219
accessible Web sites, 88
costs, B-2
graphical user interfaces and, 197
operating systems and, 9
standardization and, 62
Swedish and, 153-54
work setting usage, 57, 80, 107, 150
screen review utilities, 45, 220
scripts (macros), 61, 67, 80, B-2
scrolling in Braille displays, 155
search engines, 205
Sears, Richard, 121
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
accommodation solutions, 127-31
customer accommodations, 138-39
disAbled Associate Network, 122, 130, 191
history of hiring practices, 120, 121-23
IT initiatives, 134-36
lessons learned, 139-40
profiles and products used, 119-21, 125-27, 131-34, 136-38
Web site, 122
Section 255 legislation, 19, 21
Section 508 "Buy Accessible" Web site, 147
Section 508 legislation, 18-19, 20, 21, 97
selection process for products, 87, 181-84
Selective Placement Program (Sears), 122
self-esteem, 119
self-identification, 29, 47, 99, 146
self-paced training, 187
sensitivity, 99, 140
SerialKeys, 38, 45, 220
service dogs, 125, 208
sharing computers, A-2
sharing documents (collaboration), 4, 10-11, 175, A-2
Sheahan, Peter, 84-85
Shepard Center, 110
Shockley, William, 204
Shorser, Bradley H., 125-27
short text input, 56
shortcut keys. See keyboard shortcuts
ShowSounds, 38, 42, 44, 220
Sierra Group, Inc., 192, C-1-C-4
sign language
interpreters, 94, 150, 151-52
speech-to-sign language, 150-52, 204
signage in buildings, 131
signing interpreters, 94, 150, 151-52
sip-and-puff systems, 40-41, 55, 219, 220
Sledge, Peggy, 121-22, 131, 141
Sligar, Char, 171
small keyboards, B-2
smart cards, 203, 220
SMS (Systems Management Server), 73, 221
snapshot images of data, 156-57
software
accessibility of, 8
developing accessible solutions, 82-83
dream products, 89-90
evaluating for accessibility, 177
sample assessment questions, A-3-A-4
upgrades, 178
Soothsayer on-screen keyboard, 107
sound interfaces. See audio interfaces
sound notifications, 34, 162, 164
SoundSentry, 42, 44, 220
Southeast Disability and Business Technical Assistance Centers, 114
Spalding, Gene, 107, 108
speaker phones, 132
speech-activated computers, 110, 120, 165
speech-activated dialing services, 160
speech-activated tape recorders, 111
speech impairments. See language and speech impairments
speech output. See speech synthesizers
speech recognition systems, 35, 220. See also dictation systems
advantages and disadvantages, 70
continuous-speech recognition, 55
current state, 55
early systems, 66
future trends, 199, 202
language impairments and, 45
learning disabilities and, 48
macros and, 61, 67
mobility impairments and, 38-39
speech-to-text solutions, 150-52, 204
tendonitis and, 66
speech synthesizers, 35, 220
combined with large print, 89
command-line interfaces, 197
costs, B-2, B-3
graphical user interfaces, 197
language impairments and, 46
learning disabilities and, 48
paired with screen review utilities, 45
text-to-speech output, 34, 155
work setting usage, 114, 126, 161, 163
speech therapists, 116
speech-to-sign language solutions, 150-52
speech-to-text solutions, 150-52, 204
speed dialing, 161
spelling checkers, 45, 107
spinal cord injuries, 37
spinal muscular atrophy, 114-15
split keyboards, 40
spreadsheets, 126, 156
standardization of interfaces, 62, 63
standardizing products. See certifying products
stand-up desks, 58
state government accessibility resources, 194
sticks. See wands and sticks
StickyKeys, 37, 56, 130, 132, 220-21
stores, 15-16, 138
strategies in technology plans, 173-75
strokes, 37, 46
structured choices in software, 202
Stuart, William, 110
success factors, 192, C-3
success metrics, 173, 175, 178-79, 192
summer job programs, 96
Super Vista screen magnifier, 86
support. See technical support
Supra Binaura headsets, 133
surveying
clients, 95
employees, 176
Swedish speech recognition, 153-54
Symantec PC Anywhere, 221
synthesizers. See speech synthesizers
Systems Management Server (SMS), 73, 221
T
T-Base Communications, 88-89
tables in documents, 130
Tabulating Machine Company, 199
tact (sensitivity), 99, 140
tagging on Web sites, 63, 156, 164
Takemura, Michael, 146-47, 148, 150
talking automated teller machines, 77, 87
talking calculators, B-2
talking word processors, 36, 221
Tam, Rodney, 89
Tandem Computer, 145
tape recorders, 111, B-3
taped bank information, 87
tasks
identifying accommodations by, B-4-B-11
organizer software, B-2
tax incentives, 16
TDD (Telecommunications Device for the Deaf), 138-39, 221, B-3
teamwork
AWT program, 103-4
CAP core teams, 94
interdisciplinary teams, 115
RBC Financial Group, 82-84
UnumProvident, 73
Tech-Able, 132
Tech Act programs, 100, 101, 102
Tech Connections grant projects, 114
TechNet, 186, 218
Technical Assistance Center (GM), 163
technical support
coordinating with HR, 190
importance of training, 91, 92
porting ATV software, 100
providing for accessibility plans, 190-91
standardized products and, 181
Technology and Persons with Disabilities Annual Conference, 51
technology exchange programs, 108
technology loan libraries, 108
Technology Toolbox tables, B-4-B-11
Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988, 100, 101
Telecommunications Act, Section 255, 19, 21
Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD), 138-39, 221, B-3
telecommuting
advantages of, 93
home offices, 120, 122
Telework initiative, 96
temporary disabilities and, 98
teleconferencing, 104, 205
tele-dictation systems, 55, 56, 65, 67, 221, B-2
telemedicine, 104, 221
telephones. See phones
teletype systems, 87
teletypewriters (TTY). See TTY (teletypewriters)
television captioning, 43, 216, B-3
televisions, closed-circuit, 72, 75, B-3
Telework program, 96
telnet, 156, 221
temporary disabilities
accessible technology and, 4
changing workforce and, 5
costs, 7
Department of Defense solutions, 7, 98
employee retention and, 6-7
operating system features and, 9-10
tendonitis, 58, 59, 221
tennis elbow (bilateral epicondilitus), 65, 216
terminal emulation mode, 81, 221
terminal emulators, 63
testing
new systems, 185
products, 69
text. See also fonts
character-based output, 89-90
command-line interfaces, 197
as graphics, 156-57
language translation, 204
sample accessibility requirements, A-1
short text input tasks, 56
speech-to-text solutions, 150-52
in tables or charts, 130
text-to-speech capabilities, 34, 155
text command lines, 197
text messaging, 9, 11, 144, 205, A-2
textHELP! Read & Write, 107
text-to-speech. See speech synthesizers
thesaurus utilities, 107
Thome, Layne, 15
Thurmond, Michael L., 104
Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999, 101
time-outs in voice dialing, 160
timings for software events, A-1
toggle switches, 72
ToggleKeys, 221
tones of voice, 164
toolbar accessibility requirements, A-2
Tools for Life, 108-9
total cost of ownership, 200-201
Total Systems Europe PLC, 81
Total Talk computer, 62
touch screens, 39, 222
on appliances, 206
costs, B-2
language impairments and, 46
sample accessibility requirements, A-1
Touch the Future Expo, 109
touch-pad mouse systems, 66, 71
Trace Research and Development Center, 37
trackballs
defined, 41, 71, 222
work setting usage, 84, 93, 129
training
accessibility program staff, 116
assistance for staff training sessions, 94
Cingular customer service, 161
costs and employee retention, 10
development of plans, C-1
diversity training, 147
Dragon Naturally Speaking, 57, 60, 68
HR representatives, 182
importance of, 73-74, 137-38, 187-88
priorities in, 140, 189
as success factor, C-3
technical support staff, 190-91
UnumProvident estimates, 70-72
transcription services, 56
transistors, 204
transit arrangements, 127
translating languages, 204-5
transportation arrangements, 127
trial versions of software, 140, 157
TRICARE Management Activity, 93
TS2 program, 81, 86
TTS (text-to-speech). See speech synthesizers
TTY (teletypewriters), 221
Cingular customer access, 161
costs, B-3
Sears customer access, 139
work setting usage, 128
tutorials for accessibility options, 186, 187-88
TV captioning, 43, 216, B-3
TVs, closed-circuit, 72, 75, B-3
typing
echoing keystrokes, 63
mobility impairment utilities, 38-39
natural language instructions, 202
one-handed, 9, 42, B-2
reading back, 164
typical keystroke rates, C-2
typing splints, 84
U
ultrasound pointing devices, 40
underemployment, 127
unemployment rates, 14, 30, 93, 127, 160
Universal M-12 amplifiers, 133
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), 206-8, 222
universal serial bus (USB), 148, 222
University of Georgia Developmental Studies Program, 105
University of Georgia Learning Disabilities Center, 105
University of Wisconsin Trace Research Center, 37
Unlocking Knowledge Assets, 171
UnumProvident
Assistive Technology Decision Tree, 68-69, B-1-B-3
assistive technology resource guide, 70-72
commitment to accommodation, 57-58
implementation teams, 73
lessons learned, 73-74
profiles and products used, 55-57, 58-64, 65-68
vision statement, 173
Vocational Rehabilitation Consultants, 65
workbox Return-to-Work program, 64-68
upgrading software for accessibility
costs, 200-201
delays in, 82
implementation, 187
prioritizing upgrades, 185
scalable solutions, 178
UPnP (Universal Plug and Play), 206-8, 222
U.S. Census Bureau, 30
U.S. Department of Agriculture Accessible Technology Program, 8
U.S. Department of Defense
accommodation costs, 7
assistive technology usage, 93-94
CAP program. See CAP
profiles and products used, 93
programs and services, 96-97
temporary disabilities, 7, 98
U.S. Department of Education, 95
U.S. Department of Justice, 17
U.S. Department of Labor, 16, 96
U.S. Department of Transportation, 96
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 17
U.S. Federal Communications Commission, 17
U.S. General Services Administration, 18
U.S. government
as employer, 31, 93, 99
future directions in accessible technology, 99
legislation and regulations, 16-22, 100-101
statistics collection, 29-30
switch to private sector and commercial initiatives, 117
Web sites, 21
U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 96
U.S. President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities, 30
U.S. Social Security Administration, 95
usability
accessibility and, 27-28, 148
Compaq Accessibility Program, 149
future of accessible technology, 212-13
USB (universal serial bus), 148, 222
user experience, 199, 203-4
user's groups, 64, 67
Utility Manager, 32, 222
V
veterans, 122
vibrating PDAs, 159
video captioning, 43, 216, B-3
video conferencing, 104, 205
virtual keyboards, 39, 107, 114, 219
visible disabilities, 28
vision impairments. See visual impairments
vision statements, 173
visual acuity, 34, 49
visual impairments
aging and, 5, 49
appliance interfaces and, 206
assistive technology decision tree, B-1
assistive technology products, 34-36
computer-centered assistive technologies, B-2
electronic book technology and, 26
future workplace scenarios, 209
measuring visual acuity, 34
Microsoft Guides by Disability, 188
operating system features, 9
product documentation and, 161
profiles and products used, 36, 61-64, 75- 76, 80-81, 85-89, 125-27, 136-38, 152-57, 162-65
rates of, 51
Sears assistive technology solutions, 128
telephone and office technologies, B-3
types of, 31-34, 44
typical tasks and difficulties, B-5
visual notifications, 9, 42, 44, 144, 159
Visualtek closed-circuit televisions, 75-76
vitamin A deficiency, 34
vocational plans, 103
vocational rehabilitation. See rehabilitation professionals
voice-activated computers, 110, 120, 165
voice-activated tape recorders, 111
voice-dialing services, 160
voice dictation. See dictation systems; speech recognition systems
voice output. See speech synthesizers
voice recognition. See speech recognition systems
volume controls, 42
Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT), 147
VXI/Parrott microphones, 67
VXI/Parrott switch, 72
W
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), 83, 160
wands and sticks, 41, 222. See also joysticks
mobility impairments and, 111
mouth sticks, 111
pre-PC era, 55
puff sticks, 219
StickyKeys and, 56
Washington Mutual, 10
Watson Wyatt Worldwide, 6
Web Accessibility Initiative, 83, 160
Web site construction
accessible financial sites, 87
accessible online catalogs, 15-16
device independence, 83
identifying links, 164
problematic access, 63, 156, 164
sample accessibility requirements, A-2
spreading awareness of accessibility plans, 190, 191
Web sites
Ability Consulting, 140
abilityhub.com, 129
ALVA Access Group Inc., 125-26
assistive technology product catalog, 180
Assistivetech.net, 113
"Buy Accessible" Web site, 147
Canadian legislation and regulations, 22
CAP program, 95
CATEA, 113
Cingular, 160
companion CD contents, 193
Compaq Accessibility Program, 149
consultants and resources, 51-52, 192-94
Enkidu Research, 114
GM corporate site, 164
international legislation, 22
Iolo Technologies, 132
JAWS and, 81, 163
Microsoft Accessibility Web site, 180, 194
Microsoft Guides by Disability, 188
Microsoft TechNet, 186, 218
.NET platform strategy, 201
Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA), 194
Rehabilitative Engineering Research Centers, 112
Sears, Roebuck and Co., 122
Tools for Life, 109
tutorials for accessibility options, 188
U.S. legislation and regulations, 21
Web-based services and technologies, 199
Web-based transcription services, 56
Wells Fargo Bank, 16
"Wellsizing the Workplace" conference, 77
wheelchair work spaces, 111
white noise generators, B-3
white text/dark background display, 33
Window-Eyes, 150
Windows 98, 188
Windows 2000, 107, 129, 188
Windows Messenger, 143, 144, 162
Windows Millennium, 188
Windows NT, 129
Windows operating systems
accessibility comparison charts, 178
keyboard shortcuts, 163
standard options in, 166
Windows-based applications, 82
Windows XP
accessibility utilities, 32
accessibility Web site, 194
age-related impairment features, 49-50
hearing impairment features, 42
iCommunicator and, 152
inverting colors, 33
keyboard shortcuts, 34
learning disabilities features, 47
mobility impairment features, 37-38
porting labs, 150
sound notifications, 34
text-to-speech capabilities, 34
tutorials for accessibility options, 188
visual impairment features, 34
Windows XP Professional, 180
Wireless Access Task Force, 160, 161
wireless amplifiers, 144
wireless headsets, 72, 144, B-3
Word, 81, 188
word abbreviation programs, 107
word prediction utilities, 39, 222
costs, B-2
language impairments and, 45
learning disabilities and, 48
work setting usage, 107
word processors, 36, 177, 221, A-2
work environment modifications, 68, 78, 120. See also desk arrangements
work experience programs, 96
work modifications, 68, 78
work schedules, 78
workers' compensation claims, 7, 98, C-2
workforce. See employees
Workforce Recruitment Program (WRP) for College Students, 96
working from home. See telecommuting
work-related injuries, 7, 96, 98, C-2
WorkRX Return-to-Work program, 57-58, 64-68
workstations, B-3
World Health Organization, 29-30
World Wide Web Consortium, 83, 160
wrist glides, 115
writing task difficulties, B-10
WRP (Workforce Recruitment Program for College Students), 96
X
XML (eXtensible Markup Language), 206, 222
Z
ZoomText
Compaq ATV program, 149
reading Swedish, 153-54
work setting usage, 76, 86, 107, 128
Last Updated: April 15, 2002
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