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Microsoft® DirectX® 9 Programmable Graphics Pipeline
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Author
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Kris Gray
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Pages
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496
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Disk
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1 Companion CD(s)
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Level
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All Levels
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Published
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06/18/2003
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ISBN
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9780735616530
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Price
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$49.99
To see this book's discounted price, select a reseller below.
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Index
Special Characters and Symbols
+ (addition operator), 151, 186, 352
<> (angle brackets), 231, 254
= (assignment operator), 150, 353
+= (assignment operator), 150, 353
-= (assignment operator), 150, 353
*= (assignment operator), 150, 353
/= (assignment operator), 150, 353
* (asterisk as multiplication operator), 151, 186, 352
&& (Boolean operator), 152, 352
|| (Boolean operator), 152, 352
?: (Boolean operator), 152
: (colon), 230
, (comma operator), 154, 353
!= (comparison operator), 150
{} (curly braces), 156, 263
/ (division operator), 151, 352
// (double slash), 27, 74
= (equal sign)
as assignment operator, 150
in comparison operators, 152-53
> (greater-than operator), 152-53, 352
>= (greater-than-or-equal-to operator), 152-53, 352
< (less-than operator), 152-53, 352
<= (less-than-or-equal-to operator), 152-53, 352
% (modulus operator), 151-52, 352
() (parentheses), 220, 239, 240, 261
. (period operator), 154
% (percent sign), 151-52
+ (plus operator), 151, 186, 352
- (postfix operator), 153, 351
++ (prefix operator), 153, 352
; (semicolon), 27, 74, 245
/ (slash), 27, 74, 151
/* (slash-asterisk), 27, 74
[] (square brackets), 155
- (subtraction operator), 151, 352
! (unary operator), 151
+ (unary operator), 151
- (unary operator), 151
| (vertical bar), 152
A
a0 input register, 29, 30
abs instruction, 34, 84, 305
abs intrinsic function, 169, 358-59
abs source modifier, 38
absneg source modifier, 38
acos intrinsic function, 169, 359
add instruction, 34, 83, 306
addition operator (+), 151, 186, 352
Address effect states, 427
address register (a0), 29, 30
affine transformations, 289-90
aL input register
pixel shaders, 77, 78
vertex shaders, 29, 30
all intrinsic function, 169, 359
alpha blending, 69, 103, 265-73
alpha testing, as step in pixel processing, 69, 72
AlphaArg effect state, 431
AlphaBlendEnable effect state, 423
AlphaFunc effect state, 423
AlphaOp effect state, 431
AlphaRef effect state, 424
AlphaTestEnable effect state, 424
ALU. See arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
ambient color, 187
Ambient effect state, 421
ambient light, 299, 300
AmbientMaterialSource effect state, 421
angle brackets (<>), 231, 254
animating vertices, 56, 62. See also vertex data, blending
annotations. See also effect parameters
adding user information to effect parameters, 231-32
attaching to functions, 167
in examples, 175, 218, 263
FUNCTION, 277
HEIGHT, 277
HLSL grammar, 403
NAME, 277
overview, 230-31
role in effects, 413-14
TARGET, 277
in variables, 135
WIDTH, 277
any intrinsic function, 169, 359
area lights, 278
arithmetic instructions
pixel shader, 80, 81, 83-84
vertex shader, 32, 34-35
arithmetic logic unit (ALU). See also instruction set, pixel shader; instruction set, vertex shader
pixel shader virtual machine, 72, 73, 75, 80
vertex shader virtual machine, 26, 32
arithmetic operators, 151-52
array operator, 155
arrays, samplers in, 147
asin intrinsic function, 169, 360
aspect ratio, 295-96
assembly language
adding diffuse color to vertex shader example, 19-23
basic effect example, 217-22
basic pixel shader example, 95-101
basic vertex shader example, 6-19
environment-mapping effect example, 249-58
fog example, 43-47
instructions, pixel shader, 73, 74-75, 80-89, 305-45
instructions, vertex shader, 26, 27-28, 32-37, 305-45
pixel shader multilayered textures example, 101-6
shader overview, 3, 27
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 56-65
Vertex Shader SDK sample, 47-56
assignment operators, 150-51
asterisk, in slash-asterisk (/*), 27, 74
atan intrinsic function, 169, 360
atan2 intrinsic function, 169, 360
attenuation, light, 302-3
B
b# input register, 29, 30
bar. See vertical bar (|), as Boolean math operator
Begin method, ID3DXEffect interface, 225, 226, 236
bem instruction, 306
bias source register modifier, 388
BIMG string, 277
binding variables to registers, 166-67
BINORMAL semantic, 355
binormal vector, 197
BLENDINDICES semantic, 355
blending
frame-buffer, 72
matrices, in Vertex Blend SDK sample, 59-60
multitexture. See multitexture blending
step in pixel processing, 69-72
vertex data, 5-6, 56-65
BlendOp effect state, 424
BLENDWEIGHT semantic, 355
bool data type, 131
Boolean operators, 152, 352
BorderColor effect state, 427
braces. See curly braces ({})
brackets. See angle brackets (<>)
break instruction, 36, 88, 306-7
break_comp instruction, 36, 88, 307
break_pred instruction, 88, 308
buffer declarations, 8, 9
BumpEnvLOffset effect state, 432
BumpEnvMat effect states, 432
BumpEnvScale effect state, 432
C
c# constant registers
pixel shader, 76, 77, 78
vertex shader, 29, 30, 32
call instruction, 36, 88, 308
callnz instruction, 36, 88, 309
callnz_pred instruction, 36, 88, 309-10
camera, in view space, 187, 292-94
cast operators, 153
casting, 143
CD3DApplication base class, 62
ceil intrinsic function, 361
characters, in HLSL, 399-400
clamp intrinsic function, 361
clip intrinsic function, 361
clipping, as step in primitive processing, 68
Clipping effect state, 421
clipping planes, 295-96
ClipPlaneEnable effect state, 421
CloneMesh method, 209
cloning effect parameters, 230, 414
cmp instruction, 83, 310
CMyD3DApplication
ConfirmDevices method, 30, 123, 179
InitDeviceObjects method. See InitDeviceObjects method
overview, 10
Render method, 123, 210-11, 256
RestoreDeviceObjects method. See RestoreDeviceObjects method
cnd instruction, 83, 310
code reuse, 23
co-issuing instructions, 91
col_major type modifier, 132, 133, 141-42
colon (:), 230
color
ambient, 187
calculating for spotlights, 302
complementing, 118
darkening images in HLSL pixel shader example, 118-19
diffuse. See diffuse color
masking out, in HLSL pixel shader example, 119-20
role of lights and materials, 299-302
specular, 197, 200, 259, 261, 262
color registers, pixel shader, 76, 77, 78-79
COLOR semantic, 355, 356, 357
ColorArg effect states, 432
ColorOp effect state, 432
ColorVertex effect state, 421
ColorWriteEnable effect state, 424
column vectors, 290-91
comma operator (,), 154, 353
comments
in Asm examples, 27, 246
in pixel shaders, 74-75
in vertex shaders, 27-28
comparison operators, 152-53
compile statement, 225, 263
complement source register modifier, 388
complementing colors, 118
ConfirmDevices method, 30, 123, 179
const type modifier, 132-33
constant light attenuation factor, 302, 303
constant registers
pixel shader, 73, 76, 77, 78
vertex shader, 9, 10, 17-18, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32
Vertex Shader SDK sample, 49
constants
defining in pixel shaders, 75
example, 27, 28
overview, 28
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 63
Vertex Shader SDK sample, 49
constructors, 142-43, 412
coordinate spaces
converting vertices, 287-97
model vs. projection, 4, 5, 6
cos intrinsic function, 362
cosh intrinsic function, 362
cosine function, 47, 48, 50-51
.cpp files, 7
CreatePixelShader method, 98, 181, 203
CreateVertexBuffer method, 14
CreateVertexDeclaration method, 45, 52-53, 100
CreateVertexShader method, 14, 61, 100, 113, 127, 181, 189, 203
cross intrinsic function, 362
crs instruction, 35, 84, 311
cubic-environment maps. See environment maps
CullMode effect state, 421
curly braces ({}), 156, 263
D
D3DCAPS9 structure, 30
D3DCOLORtoUBYTE4 intrinsic function, 362-63
D3DSAMPLERSTATETYPE enumeration, 145
D3DTEXTUREADDRESS enumeration, 146
D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE enumeration, 145
D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 structure, 15, 45, 52, 100
D3DXAssembleShader function, 4, 13, 19, 45, 98, 100
D3DXAssembleShaderFromFile function, 19, 53-54, 61, 101
D3DXAssembleShaderFromResource function, 19
D3DXCompileShader function, 112, 113, 117, 120, 127, 179
D3DXCompileShaderFromFile function, 127
D3DXCompileShaderFromResource function, 117, 121-22, 127, 180, 181, 188, 204-5
D3DXComputeTangent function, 209-10
D3DXCreateEffect function, 249, 256
D3DXCreateEffectFromFile function, 232, 241, 263
D3DXCreateEffectPool function, 230, 233
D3DXCreateTextureFromFile function, 96
D3DXCreateVolumeTexture function, 204
D3DXFillVolumeTexture function, 205
D3DXMatrixMultiply function, 17
D3DXMatrixTranspose function, 17
data types, HLSL
annotations, 135
complex, 144-49
constructors, 142-43
converting, 347, 349-51
floating-point, 144
intrinsic, 347-48
matrix, 138-42, 348, 410
overview, 131, 347
pixelshader, 148-49
samplers, 144-47
scalar, 131-32, 347
semantics, 135
storage class modifiers, 134-35
strings, 148
structures, 147-48
texture, 149
type modifiers, 132-33
user-defined, 347, 348-49
in variable declarations, 132
vector, 136, 347-48, 410
vertexshader, 148
dcl instruction, 75
dcl_samplerType instruction, 82, 311
dcl_textureType instruction, 33
dcl_usage instruction, 33, 82, 312
ddx intrinsic function, 363
ddy intrinsic function, 363
declarations, HLSL grammar, 400
declarations, in HLSL. See function declarations; register declarations; vertex declarations
def instruction, 28, 34, 75, 82, 312
defb instruction, 34, 83, 312-13
defi instruction, 34, 83, 313
#define directive, 180, 397, 398
degrees intrinsic function, 363
DeleteDeviceObjects method, 123
demotion casting, 143
depth buffers, 297
DEPTH semantic, 357
depth testing, as step in pixel processing, 69, 72
DepthBias effect state, 424
dest instruction, 315
DestBlend effect state, 424
destination register modifiers
pixel shader, 90, 91, 92, 387, 390-91
vertex shader, 37, 38
determinant intrinsic function, 364
diffuse color
adding to Asm vertex shader example, 19-23
adding to HLSL vertex shader example, 113-15
Asm vertex shader with lighting effect example, 241
calculating
in glow example glow function, 186-87
in glow example texture function, 177-78
in sparkle example, 197, 200
in HLSL effect example, 259, 261, 262
diffuse light, 237, 299, 300-301
diffuse output register, 31
DiffuseMaterialSource effect state, 421
directives, 397-98
distance intrinsic function, 364
DitherEnable effect state, 424
dithering, as step in pixel processing, 69
division operator (/), 151, 352
do statements, 158
dot intrinsic function, 364
double data type, 132
double slash (//), in comments, 27, 74
dp2add instruction, 83, 313
dp3 instruction, 34, 83, 314
dp4 instruction, 34, 83, 314
DrawIndexedPrimitive method, 56, 65
DrawPrimitive method, 18, 22, 100, 130, 258
DrawSubset method, 211, 242-43
dst instruction, 34
dsx instruction, 84, 315
dsy instruction, 84, 315
DWORD data type, 410
E
effect parameters
adding user information to, 231-32
defined, 229
finding by using semantics, 230
role of handles, 230-31
role of semantics, 230
sharing, 229-30
effect pool, 229-30, 233
effect states
Address, 427
AlphaArg, 431
AlphaBlendEnable, 423
AlphaFunc, 423
AlphaOp, 431
AlphaRef, 424
AlphaTestEnable, 424
Ambient, 421
AmbientMaterialSource, 421
BlendOp, 424
BorderColor, 427
BumpEnvLOffset, 432
BumpEnvMat, 432
BumpEnvScale, 432
Clipping, 421
ClipPlaneEnable, 421
ColorArg, 432
ColorOp, 432
ColorVertex, 421
ColorWriteEnable, 424
CullMode, 421
defined, 216, 225
DepthBias, 424
DestBlend, 424
DiffuseMaterialSource, 421
DitherEnable, 424
EmissiveMaterialSource, 421
in examples, 219-22, 239-40, 252, 254
FillMode, 424
FogColor, 421
FogDensity, 422
FogEnable, 422
FogEnd, 422
FogTableMode, 422
FogVertexMode, 422
IndexedVertexBlendEnable, 422
LastPixel, 424
light states, 419-20
LightAmbient, 419
LightAttenuation, 419
LightDiffuse, 419
LightDirection, 419
LightEnable, 419
LightFalloff, 419
Lighting, 422
LightPbi, 419
LightPosition, 419
LightRange, 419
LightSpecular, 420
LightTheta, 420
LightType, 420
lists, 226, 418-33
LocalViewer, 422
MagFilter, 427
material states, 420
MaterialAmbient, 420
MaterialDiffuse, 420
MaterialEmissive, 420
MaterialPower, 420
MaterialSpecular, 420
MaxAnisotropy, 427
MaxMipLevel, 427
MipFilter, 427
MipMapLoadBias, 428
MultiSampleAntialias, 422
MultiSampleMask, 422
NormalizeNormals, 422
PixelShader, 428
PixelShaderConstant, 429, 430
PointFogEnable, 422
PointScale, 423
PointScaleEnable, 422
PointSize, 423
PointSize_Max, 423
PointSize_Min, 423
PointSpriteEnable, 423
ProjectionTransform, 433
RangeFogEnable, 423
render states, 421-26
ResultArg, 432
Sampler, 426
sampler stage states, 216, 226, 426-28
sampler states, 144, 216, 226, 426
saving and restoring, 216, 226
ShadeMode, 424
shader constant states, 429-30
shader states, 428-29
SpecularEnable, 423
SpecularMaterialSource, 423
SrcBlend, 424
SRGBTexture, 428
StencilEnable, 424
StencilFail, 424
StencilFunc, 424
StencilMask, 426
StencilPass, 424
StencilRef, 425
StencilWriteMask, 425
StencilZFail, 425
TexCoordIndex, 432
Texture, 431
texture stage states, 216, 226, 431-32
texture states, 216, 226, 431
TextureFactor, 425
TextureTransform, 433
TextureTransformFlag, 432
transform states, 433
TweenFactor, 423
types of states, 226, 418
VertexBlend, 423
VertexShader, 252, 428
VertexShaderConstant, 429, 430
ViewTransform, 433
WorldTransform, 433
Wrap, 425
ZEnable, 425
ZFunc, 426
ZVisible, 426
ZWriteEnable, 426
EffectEdit SDK sample
code pane, 274, 278
compile results pane, 275-76
HLSL hemispheric lighting effect example, 278-86
overview, 273-74
recognized annotations, 277
recognized semantics, 276-77
recognized strings, 277
render pane, 275
rendering options pane, 275, 283
running effects in, 276-77, 284-86
running HLSL examples in, 211-12
effects
annotations, role of, 413-14
Asm examples, 217-22, 237-58
characteristics, 225-32
cloning parameters, 230, 414
creating, 232-34
defined, 3-4, 215
expressions, role of, 411-13
format overview, 409-18
handles, role of, 415-16
HLSL examples, 222-25, 259-86
IDs, role of, 416
list of features, 216
literals, role of, 417
overview, 215-16, 237, 259
passes, 236, 411
rendering, 234-36
saving and restoring state, 216, 226
semantics, role of, 416
sharing parameters, 229-30, 414-15
techniques, 411
usages, role of, 417
validating, 234
validation, 418
variables, 409-10
#elif directive, 397
#else directive, 397
else instruction, 36, 88, 316
emissive light, 299, 302
EmissiveMaterialSource effect state, 421
End method, ID3DXEffect interface, 225-26, 236
#endif directive, 397
endif instruction, 36, 88, 316
endloop instruction, 36, 88, 316-17
endrep instruction, 36, 88, 317
environment maps
Asm effect, 249-58
sparkle example, 200, 205-6
equal sign (=), as assignment operator, 150, 353
#error directive, 397
examples
2-D image processing pixel shader, basic, 96, 97, 98-99
adding diffuse color to vertex shader 19-23
comments, in Asm examples, 27, 246
constants, 27, 28
darkening images in HLSL pixel shader, 118-19
effect, basic, 217-22
environment-mapping effect, 249-58
fog, 43-47
glow, 173-92,211-12
hemispheric lighting effect, 278-86
HLSL hemispheric lighting effect, 278-86
masking out, in HLSL pixel shader, 119-20
multiple-pass rendering with alpha blending effect, 265-73
per-pixel lighting effect, 259-65
pixel shader, basic, 95-101
pixel shader multilayered textures, 101-6
running HLSL in EffectEdit SDK sample, 211-12
simple transformation, 7, 9-10
sparkle, 192-212
texturing, in Asm vertex and pixel shader, 243-49
vertex shader, basic, 6-19
exclamation point (!), as unary operator, 151, 352
exp instruction, 34, 84, 317-18
exp intrinsic function, 365
exp2 intrinsic function, 365
expp instruction, 34, 318
expressions
effect, 411-13
HLSL grammar, 405-7
literals in, 149
operators in, 149-55
overview, 149-50
variables in, 149
extern variable, 134
F
face registers, 79, 80
faceforward intrinsic function, 365
falloff. See fog-falloff equations
FillMode effect state, 424
filtering colors, 119
fixed-function pipeline
block diagrams, 4, 67, 215, 287
effects overview, 215-16
pixel processing overview, 67-72
vs. programmable shaders, 70, 71-72, 216
steps in primitive processing, 68, 215-16
vertex processing overview, 4-6, 287-304
float data type, 132, 410
floating-point data types, 144, 398-99
floor intrinsic function, 366
flow-control instructions
pixel shader, 80, 81, 87-88
vertex shader, 32, 36-37
flow-control registers, 73
flow-control statements
do statements, 158
for statements, 158-59
if statements, 157-58
overview, 157
while statements, 159
fmod intrinsic function, 366
fog effects. See vertex fog
fog output register, 31
FOG semantic, 356
FogColor effect state, 421
FogDensity effect state, 422
FogEnable effect state, 422
FogEnd effect state, 422
fog-falloff equations, 47, 297-98
fogging, as step in pixel processing, 69
FogTableMode effect state, 422
FogVertexMode effect state, 422
for statements, 158-59
frac intrinsic function, 366
frame-buffer blending, 72
FrameMove method
basic pixel shader example, 100
defined, 123
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 62, 63, 64
Vertex Shader SDK sample, 55-56
view matrix, 16
frc instruction, 34, 84, 318-19
frexp intrinsic function, 367
frustrum, 294-95
FUNCTION annotation, 277
function declarations
argument lists, 161-62
explicit register binding, 166
overview, 160, 353
pixel shader semantics, 164-66
return types, 160-61
vertex shader semantics, 162-64
functions
argument lists, 161-62
attaching annotations, 167
body, 167-68
declaration, 160-67
identifiers (names), 161
intrinsic, 168-69
overview, 160
return types, 160-61, 168
syntax, 402-3
user-defined, 353-55
fwidth intrinsic function, 367
.fx files, 237
G
gamma correction, as step in pixel processing, 69
GetAnnotation method, 232
GetAnnotationByName method, 232
GetNumFaces method, 258
GetNumVertices method, 258
GetParameter method, 231
global variables, effect. See also effect parameters
Asm examples, 218-19, 220, 222, 245, 251, 254
declaring, 409-10
defined, 216
HLSL example, 259-61
techniques or passes, 220
glow example
adding glow to tiger model, 183-92
adding texture to tiger model, 173-83
calculating diffuse color, 177-78, 186-87
compiling glow vertex shader, 188
EffectEdit SDK sample, 211-12
glow function defined, 184-88
overview, 171-73
render code, 189-91
summary, 191-92
Glow.fx file, 181, 211
grammar, HLSL, 400-408
greater-than operator (>), 152-53, 352
greater-than-or-equal-to-operator (>=), 152-53, 352
H
half data type, 132
half vector, 196, 197
handles, role in effects, 230-31, 415-16
hardware, testing, 59
HEIGHT annotation, 277
Hello World analog
Asm vertex shader example, 6-19
HLSL vertex shader example, 110-15
hemispheric lighting effect example, 278-86
high-level shader language (HLSL)
adding diffuse color to vertex shader example, 113-15
annotations, 402
vs. Asm shaders, 3
basic effect example, 222-25
basic pixel shader example, 115-20
basic procedural shader example, 120-22
basic vertex shader example, 110-15
character types, 399-400
data types in, 131-49, 401-2
declarations, 400
directives in, 397-98
effects examples, 222-25, 259-86
expressions, 149-55, 405-7
floating-point numbers, 398-99
functions, 159-69, 402-3
glow example, 171-92
grammar, 400-408
hemispheric lighting effect example, 278-86
identifiers, 400
initializers, 403
integer numbers, 399
keywords, 396-97
lexical conventions, 398-99
multiple-pass rendering with alpha blending effect example, 265-73
overview, 109
per-pixel lighting effect example, 259-65
pixel shader 1_x considerations, 386-95
program construct, 400
sparkle example, 192-212
statements, 155-59, 404-5
strings, 400
structures, 402
techniques, 404
tokens, 407-8
usages, 401
variables, 402-3
white space, 398
HLSL. See high-level shader language (HLSL)
hyphen (-), as subtraction operator, 151, 352
I
i# input register, 29, 30
ID3DXBuffer interface, 181
ID3DXCreateEffectPool interface, 230
ID3DXEffect interface, 225-26, 230, 232, 234, 236, 252
keywords, 417
ID3DXEffectCompiler interface, 230, 417
identifiers, in HLSL, 400
identity matrices, 62
idexp intrinsic function, 368
IDirect3DDevice9 interface
CreatePixelShader method, 98, 181, 203
CreateVertexBuffer method, 14
CreateVertexDeclaration method, 45, 52-53, 100
CreateVertexShader method, 14, 61, 100, 113, 127, 181, 189, 203
DrawIndexedPrimitive method, 56, 65
DrawPrimitive method, 18, 22, 100, 130, 258
SetIndices method, 65
SetRenderState method, 46, 65
SetStreamSource method, 18, 64, 258
SetTexture method, 309
SetTransform method, 65
SetVertexDeclaration method, 56, 258
IDirect3DTexture9 interface, 182
IDirect3DVertexShader9 interface, 181
IDs, role in effects, 416
#if directive, 397
if instruction, 36, 88, 319
if statements, 157-58
if_comp instruction, 37, 88, 319-20
#ifdef directive, 397
#ifndef directive, 397
if_pred instruction, 37, 88, 320
illumination equation, 299-300
in keyword, HLSL, 115
#include directive, 397
indexed vertices, 56
IndexedVertexBlendEnable effect state, 422
InitDeviceObjects method
defined, 122
examples, 120, 206-10, 256
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 58
Vertex Shader SDK sample, 51-52
initializers, HLSL grammar, 403
inline shaders, 221-22, 224, 227-28
inout keyword, HLSL, 115
input registers, pixel shader
declaring, 75
defined, 73
initializing, 75
role in pixel shader, 75
by shader version, 76-80
vFace, 79, 80
vPos, 79
input registers, vertex shader
example, 27, 28
overview, 9, 26, 28
restrictions and limitations, 30-31
types, 29-31
vertex shader fog example, 44
instruction modifiers
pixel shader, 90, 92, 389-90
vertex shader, 37, 38
instruction set, pixel shader
function, 80-82, 89
modifiers, 89-92, 389-90
overview, 73, 74-75, 89
instruction set, vertex shader, 26, 37-39
instructions, pixel shader
arithmetic, 80, 81, 83-84
basic pixel shader example, 96
co-issuing, 91
flow-control, 80, 81, 87-88
macro-op, 80, 81, 84-85
maximum number by shader version, 81-82
order in shader, 74-75
setup, 74, 75, 80, 81, 82-83
texture, 80, 81, 85-87
types, 80-89
instructions, vertex shader
arithmetic, 28, 32, 34-35
flow-control, 28, 32, 36-37
macro-op, 28, 32, 35
maximum number by shader version, 32-33
order in shader, 7, 27-28
setup, 32, 33-34
texture, 28, 32, 36
types, 28
int data type, 131, 144
integer numbers, 144, 399
intrinsic data types, 347-48
intrinsic functions
defined, 111
list, 358-86
mul, 111-12
overview, 168-69, 357-58
isfinite intrinsic function, 367
isinf intrinsic function, 368
isnan intrinsic function, 368
L
label instruction, 37, 88, 320-21
LastPixel effect state, 424
left-to-right order, 290-91
length intrinsic function, 368-69
lerp intrinsic function, 369
less-than operator (<), 152-53, 352
less-than-or-equal-to operator (<=), 152-53, 352
light
ambient, 299, 300
attenuation, 302-3
diffuse, 237, 299, 300-301
direction, 175, 178, 239, 261
emissive, 299, 302
intensity, 261
per-pixel, in HLSL effect example, 259-65
reflected, 249, 278, 299
role in creating vertex colors, 6, 299-302
specular, 299, 301-2
spotlight cone, 303-4
types, 299-302
light color, 237, 241
light states, 226, 419-20
LightAmbient effect state, 419
LightAttenuation effect state, 419
LightDiffuse effect state, 419
LightDirection effect state, 419
LightEnable effect state, 419
LightFalloff effect state, 419
Lighting effect state, 422
LightPbi effect state, 419
LightPosition effect state, 419
LightRange effect state, 419
LightSpecular effect state, 420
LightTheta effect state, 420
LightType effect state, 420
#line directive, 397
linear light attenuation factor, 302, 303
lit instruction, 34, 321-22
lit intrinsic function, 369
literals, role in effects, 417
LocalViewer effect state, 422
log instruction, 35, 84
log intrinsic function, 370
log2 intrinsic function, 370
log10 intrinsic function, 370
logp instruction, 35, 322
loop counter register (aL), pixel shader, 77, 78
loop counter register (aL), vertex shaders, 29, 30
loop instruction, 37, 88, 323
lrp instruction, 35, 85, 323
M
m3x2 instruction, 35, 85, 324
m3x3 instruction, 35, 85, 324
m3x4 instruction, 35, 85, 324-25
m4x3 instruction, 35, 85, 325
m4x4 instruction, 35, 85, 325-26
macro-op instructions
pixel shader, 80, 81, 84-85
vertex shader, 32, 35
mad instruction, 34, 84, 326
MagFilter effect state, 427
masking out, in HLSL pixel shader example, 119-20
material colors, 6, 299
material states, 226, 420
MaterialAmbient effect state, 420
MaterialDiffuse effect state, 420
MaterialEmissive effect state, 420
MaterialPower effect state, 420
MaterialSpecular effect state, 420
matrices
array accessing, 140-41
blending, in Vertex Blend SDK sample, 59-60
data types, 138-42
defined, 289
examples, 7, 9-10, 239, 261
initializing, 12, 16
left-to-right order, 290-91
packing order, 141-42
projection-type, 16, 17
role of affine transformations, 289-90
row-major vs. column-major order, 64, 133, 141-42
simple transformation example, 7, 9-10
transposing, 17, 56, 64
matrix data type, 138-42, 348, 410
matrix multiplies, 9, 56, 111, 112, 177-78
matrix types
array accessing, 140-41
component access, 138-39
component swizzling, 139-40
overview, 138
max instruction, 34, 85, 326-27
max intrinsic function, 371
MaxAnisotropy effect state, 427
MaxMipLevel effect state, 427
mesh
environment map example, 256
sparkle example, 206-10, 211
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 58-60, 65
metallic flakes example. See sparkle example
Metallicflakes.fx file, 202, 211
methods
Begin, ID3DXEffect interface, 225, 226, 236
CloneMesh, 209
ConfirmDevices, 30, 123, 179
CreatePixelShader, 98, 181, 203
CreateVertexBuffer, 14
CreateVertexDeclaration, 45, 52-53, 100
CreateVertexShader, 14, 61, 100, 113, 127, 181, 189, 203
DeleteDeviceObjects, 123
DrawIndexedPrimitive, 56, 65
DrawPrimitive, 18, 22, 100, 130, 258
DrawSubset, 211, 242-43
End, ID3DXEffect interface, 225-26, 236
FrameMove
basic pixel shader example, 100
defined, 123
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 62, 63, 64
Vertex Shader SDK sample, 55-56
view matrix, 16
GetAnnotation, 232
GetAnnotationByName, 232
GetNumFaces, 258
GetNumVertices, 258
GetParameter, 231
InitDeviceObjects
defined, 122
examples, 120, 206-10, 256
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 58
Vertex Shader SDK sample, 51-52
OneTimeSceneInit, 122, 129
Pass, 225, 236, 252
Render, 123, 210-11, 256
RestoreDeviceObjects
Asm sample code, 10-12
basic 2-D image processing pixel shader example, 96, 97, 98-99
effect creation code, 232
HLSL sample code, 123-26
overview, 12, 123
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 61, 62
Vertex Shader SDK sample, 54-55
vertex shader tutorial, 12, 16
SetIndices, 65
SetMatrix, 183, 235
SetPixelShader, 100
SetPixelShaderConstant, 75
SetRenderState, 46, 65
SetStreamSource, 18, 64, 258
SetTechnique, 235-36
SetTexture, 96, 309
SetTransform, 65
SetVertexDeclaration, 18, 56, 258
SetVertexShader, 18, 19, 56, 64, 65
ValidateTechnique, 234
Microsoft Visual C++ projects, 180
Microsoft Visual Studio, 117, 181
min instruction, 34, 85, 327
min intrinsic function, 371
minus sign (-), as subtraction operator, 151, 352
MipFilter effect states, 427
MipMapLoadBias effect state, 428
model space
converting data to projection space
glow example, 176-77
simple program example, 6-19
defined, 5, 288
steps in converting data to projection space, 5-6, 287, 288
modf intrinsic function, 371
modulus operator (%), 151-52, 352
mov instruction, 28, 34, 84, 327-28
mova instruction, 34, 328
mul instruction, 34, 84, 111-12, 328
mul intrinsic function
glow example, 186
HLSL vertex shader effect example, 225
overview, 372-73
multiplication operator (*), 151, 186, 352
MultiSampleAntialias effect state, 422
MultiSampleMask effect state, 422
multisampling, 80
multitexture blending
fixed-function pipeline, 70
glow example, 190-91
overview, 70, 71, 101
pixel shader example, 101-6
programmable pixel shader, 70-71
sparkle example, 309
vertex shader examples, 239-40, 241, 254, 255
N
NAME annotation, 277
negate modifier, 38, 90, 389
noise functions, 120
noise intrinsic function, 198, 373
nop instruction, 34, 84, 329
NORMAL semantic, 355
normal vector, 261
normalize intrinsic function, 178, 186, 373
NormalizeNormals effect state, 422
normals, 241
nrm instruction, 35, 85, 329
O
objects, as resources, 123
OneTimeSceneInit method, 122, 129
OpenGL, 290-91
operators
additive, 151-52, 352
arithmetic, 151-52, 352
array, 155
assignment, 150-51, 353
Boolean, 152
cast, 153
comma, 154, 353
comparison, 152-53
multiplicative, 151-52, 352
overview, 150
postfix, 153, 351
precedence, 155
prefix, 153, 352
structure, 154
unary, 151
out keyword, HLSL, 115
output registers
pixel shader, 73
by pixel shader version, 77, 79
role in pixel shader, 75
vertex shaders, 9, 10, 26, 31-32
P
p0 input register
pixel shader, 77, 78
vertex shaders, 29, 30
parentheses, 220, 239, 240, 261
Pass method, 225, 236, 252
passes, effect
Asm vs. HLSL shaders, 227-28
multiple, 226, 227-29, 265-73
multiple-pass rendering with alpha blending effect example, 265-73
overview, 227-28, 229, 411
percent sign (%), as modulus operator, 151-52, 352
period (.), as structure operator, 154
periodic functions, in Vertex Blend SDK sample, 62
perspective, 294, 295, 296-97
per-vertex data, 8, 9, 68
phase instruction, 75, 83, 329-30
pipeline, 3-D
block diagrams, 4, 67, 215, 287
effects overview, 215-16
pixel processing, 67-72
vs. programmable shaders, 70, 71-72, 216
steps in primitive processing, 68, 215-16
vertex processing, 4-6, 287-304
pipeline states
in Asm effects example, 239
defined, 216
initializing, 16
list of effect states, 421-26
pixel colors, 73, 201, 259
pixel pipe render states, 226
pixel processing
basic 2-D image example, 95-101
block diagrams, 4, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 215
defined, 68
role in 3-D pipeline, 67-68
pixel shader constant states, 226, 429
pixel shaders
adding to vertex shader, 115-22
Asm effects example, 243-49
Asm instructions, 305-45
basic 2-D image processing example, 95-101
block diagram, 74
defined, 67, 73
HLSL effect example, 259-65
inputs and outputs, 73
instruction order, 74-75
layout example, 74-75
maximum number of instructions by shader version, 81-82
multitexture blending, 70, 71, 101-6
object as data type, 148-49
objects, 123
output, 73, 75, 77, 79
overview, 67
programmable, 69, 70-71, 101-6
ps_1_x considerations, 386-95
ps_1_x limitations, 387-88
resources, 123
sparkle example, 199-203
version differences, 92-93
pixelshader data type, 148-49, 410
PixelShader effect state, 428
PixelShaderConstant effect states, 429, 430
plus operator (+), 151, 186, 352
point size output register, 31
PointFogEnable effect state, 422
PointScale effect states, 423
PointScaleEnable effect state, 422
PointSize effect state, 423
PointSize_Max effect state, 423
PointSize_Min effect state, 423
PointSpriteEnable effect state, 423
pools, 414-15
position registers, 31, 79, 80
POSITION semantic, 355, 356
position vector, 261
postfix operators, 153, 351
pow instruction, 35, 85, 330
pow intrinsic function, 374
#pragma directive, 397
predicate register (p0)
pixel shader, 77, 78
vertex shader, 29, 30
prefix operators, 153, 352
primitives
defined, 4
DrawPrimitive method, 18, 22, 100, 130, 258
processing, 3-D pipeline block diagram, 68, 215-16
procedural shaders, 198-99, 200, 204-5. See also procedural textures
procedural textures, 120-22, 198, 200, 204-5
ProcessVertices function, 28
programmable shaders
vs. fixed-function pipeline, 69, 70-71, 216
multilayered textures example, 101-6
overview, 69, 70-71
programs, HLSL grammar, 400
projection matrix, 16, 17
PROJECTION semantic, 276
projection space
converting data from model space
glow example, 176-77
simple program example, 6-19
defined, 5
vs. model space, 4, 5, 6
scaling to screen space, 68, 288
steps in converting data from model space to, 5-6, 287, 288
vertex processing, 288
projection transform, 6, 288, 294-97
ProjectionTransform effect state, 433
promotion casting, 143
ps instruction, 83, 330-31
ps_1_x
HLSL considerations, 386-95
input registers, 76-77
limitations, 387-88
maximum number of instruction slots, 81
modifiers, 388-91
output registers, 77
texture reads, 391-96
ps_2_x and later
input registers, 77-80
maximum number of instruction slots, 81, 82
output registers, 79
ps_3_x
maximum number of instruction slots, 81, 82
types of registers, 79-80
PSIZE semantic, 355, 356
Q-R
quads, rendering, 95
r# register
pixel shader, 76, 78
vertex shader, 29, 30
radians intrinsic function, 374
RangeFogEnable effect state, 423
rcp instruction, 34, 84, 331
reflect intrinsic function, 374
reflected light, 249, 278, 299
reflection vector, 197, 261
refract intrinsic function, 375
register declarations
role of registers, 8, 9
simple example, 7, 8-9
types of registers, 9
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 58
Vertex Shader SDK sample, 49-50
registers, pixel shader
color, 76, 77, 78
constant, 73, 76
input, 73, 75, 76-80
modifiers, 89-92, 388-91
overview, 75-76
by pixel shader version, 76-80
temporary, 73, 76
texture, 76-77, 78, 92-93
types, 73, 75-80
registers, vertex shader
constant, 9, 10, 17-18, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31
explicit binding, 166-67
input, 9, 10, 26, 29-31
modifiers, 37, 38-39
output, 9, 10, 26, 31-32
overview, 26
temporary, 9, 26, 29, 30, 31
types, 26, 28-32
render code
Asm examples, 45-46, 100, 106, 241-43, 248-49, 256
defined, 129-30
HLSL examples, 210-11, 264-65, 272-73
role of techniques and passes, 227-29
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 64-65
vertex shader tutorial, 16-19, 23
with and without effects, 210-11, 234-36
Render method, 123, 210-11, 256
render states
overview, 226, 421-26
setting up, 12, 16, 129
in vertex shader fog example, 46
rendering. See render code
rep instruction, 37, 88, 331-32
resources
adding files to Microsoft Visual C++ projects, 180
creating, 123-29
defined, 123
examples, 117, 180
overview, 123
re-creating, in Vertex Blend SDK sample, 62
RestoreDeviceObjects method
Asm sample code, 10-12
basic 2-D image processing pixel shader example, 96, 97, 98-99
effect creation code, 232
HLSL sample code, 123-26
overview, 12, 123
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 61, 62
Vertex Shader SDK sample, 54-55
vertex shader tutorial, 12, 16
ResultArg effect state, 432
ret instruction, 37, 88, 332
return statement, 156-57
reusing code, 23
rotation, 288, 289, 290, 292
round intrinsic function, 375
row vectors, 290, 291
row-column order, 290, 291
row_major type modifier, 132, 133, 141-42
rsq instruction, 35, 84, 332-33
rsqrt intrinsic function, 376
S
s# input register
pixel shader, 78
vertex shader, 29, 30
sample framework, 122-23
sampler data types, 144-47, 410
Sampler effect state, 426
sampler register
pixel shader, 70, 71, 73, 78
vertex shader, 29, 30
sampler stage states, 216, 226, 426-28
sampler states, 144, 216, 226, 426
samplers, defined, 78
Sample_VS_Asm.fx file, 237
sampling textures
examples, 101-6, 116-17, 245, 262-63
overview, 69, 70, 71, 73
sampler data types, 144-47
step in pixel processing, 69, 70, 71, 73
saturate instruction modifier, 389-90
saturate intrinsic function, 376
saturate modifier (_sat), 38, 90
scalar data types, 131-32, 347
scale by 2 source register modifier, 389
scaling, 68, 288, 289, 290, 292
screen space, 68, 288
semantics
examples, 111, 115, 175-76, 196, 197, 261-62
overview, 75, 111, 135, 162-66
pixel shader, 164-66, 356-57
role in effects, 230, 417
vertex shader, 162-64, 355-56
semicolon (;), 27, 74, 245
SetIndices method, 65
SetMatrix method, 183, 235
setp instruction, 37, 88, 333
SetPixelShader method, 100
SetPixelShaderConstant method, 75
SetRenderState method, 46, 65
SetStreamSource method, 18, 64, 258
SetTechnique method, 235-36
SetTexture method, 96, 309
SetTransform method, 65
setup instructions
pixel shader, 74, 75, 80, 81, 82-83
vertex shader, 32, 33-34
SetVertexDeclaration method, 18, 56, 258
SetVertexShader method, 18, 19, 56, 64, 65
sge instruction, 35, 334
sgn instruction, 35, 334
ShadeMode effect state, 424
shader constant states, 226, 254, 429-30
shader constants, 9, 10, 17-18, 282-83
shader file names, 53
shader objects. See also vertex shaders
creating, 12, 13-14
examples, 181, 189, 247, 248
role of effects, 203, 233-34, 264
shader states
Asm effects examples, 239, 240, 245, 251-52
overview, 216, 226, 428
shaders, 3-4, 27. See also pixel shaders; programmable shaders; vertex shaders
shared variable, 135
sharing effect parameters, 229-30, 414-15
sign intrinsic function, 376
signed-scale source register modifier, 390
Simple_VS_and_PS_Asm.fx file, 246, 247
Simple_VS_Asm.fx file, 218
sin intrinsic function, 377
sincos instruction, 35, 85, 335
sincos intrinsic function, 377
sine function, 47, 48, 50-51, 56
sinh intrinsic function, 377
skew, 288-89, 290
skinning. See vertex data, blending
slash (/), 27, 74
slt instruction, 35, 335
smoothstep intrinsic function, 378
source register modifiers
pixel shader, 90, 91, 92, 388-90
vertex shader, 37, 38-39
sparkle example
complete shader code, 192-95
EffectEdit SDK sample, 211-12
environmental map, creating, 205-6
mesh, creating, 206-10
overview, 192-95
pixel shader code, 199-201
procedural texture, creating, 204-5
render code, 210-11
rendering color combinations, 201-2
texture shader code, 198-99
vertex and pixel shaders, creating, 202-3
vertex shader code, 195-98
specular color, 197, 200, 259, 261, 262
specular light, 299, 301-2
specular output register, 31
SpecularEnable effect state, 423
SpecularMaterialSource effect state, 423
spotlight cone, 303-4
sqrt intrinsic function, 378
square brackets ([]), 155
squared light attenuation factor, 302, 303
SrcBlend effect state, 424
SRGBTexture effect state, 428
statements
blocks, 156
compile statement, 225, 263
do statements, 158
flow-control statements
do statements, 158
for statements, 158-59
if statements, 157-58
overview, 157
while statements, 159
for statements, 158-59
HLSL grammar, 404-5
if statements, 157-58
overview, 155-56
return statement, 156-57
while statements, 159
states. See effect states
static variable, 134
stencil testing, as step in pixel processing, 69, 72
StencilEnable effect state, 424
StencilFail effect state, 424
StencilFunc effect state, 424
StencilMask effect state, 426
StencilPass effect state, 424
StencilRef effect state, 425
StencilWriteMask effect state, 425
StencilZFail effect state, 425
step intrinsic function, 378
storage class modifiers, HLSL
extern keyword, 134
overview, 134
shared keyword, 135
static keyword, 134
uniform keyword, 135
strings, in HLSL, 148, 400
string-safe functions, 53
structure operators, 154
structures
HLSL grammar, 402
overview, 147-48
sub instruction, 84, 335-36
subtraction operator (-), 151, 352
surface skinning, 56. See also vertex data, blending
swizzling
matrix components, 139-40
pixel shader, 90
vector components, 136-37
vertex shader, 38-39
T
t# texture registers, 76-77, 78
tan intrinsic function, 378-79
TANGENT semantic, 355
tanh intrinsic function, 379
TARGET annotation, 277
teapot model, 4, 5
techniques, effect
Asm vs. HLSL shaders, 227-28
HLSL grammar, 404
multiple, 228-29, 265-73
multiple-pass rendering with alpha blending effect example, 265-73
overview, 216, 228-29, 411
rendering, 226, 235-36
SetTechnique method, 235-36
TGlowAndTexture technique, 269-71
TGlowOnly technique, 271-72
THemisphere technique, 283
TVertexShaderOnly_Asm technique, 239
validating, 234
temporary registers
pixel shader, 73, 76, 78
vertex shader, 9, 26, 29, 30, 31
TESSFACTOR semantic, 355
testing hardware, 59
tex instruction, 85, 336
tex1D intrinsic function, 379-80
tex1Dbias intrinsic function, 380
tex1Dproj intrinsic function, 380-81
tex2D intrinsic function, 381-82
tex2Dbias intrinsic function, 382
tex2Dproj intrinsic function, 382
tex3D intrinsic function, 383
tex3Dbias intrinsic function, 383-84
tex3Dproj intrinsic function, 384
tex3x3spec instruction, 393-94
tex3x3vspec instruction, 394-95
texbem instruction, 85, 336
texbeml instruction, 85, 337
texcoord instruction, 85, 337
TEXCOORD semantic, 355, 356, 357
TexCoordIndex effect state, 432
texcrd instruction, 86, 337
texCUBE intrinsic function, 384-85
texCUBEbias intrinsic function, 385
texCUBEproj intrinsic function, 385-86
texdepth instruction, 86, 338
texdp3 instruction, 86, 338
texdp3tex instruction, 86, 338
texkill instruction, 86, 338-39
texld instruction, 86, 339
texldb instruction, 86, 339-40
texldd instruction, 86, 340
texldl instruction, 36, 86, 340-41
texldp instruction, 86, 341
texm3x2 instruction, 392-93
texm3x2depth instruction, 86, 341
texm3x2pad instruction, 86, 341-42
texm3x2tex instruction, 86, 342
texm3x3 instruction, 86, 342, 393
texm3x3pad instruction, 86, 342
texm3x3spec instruction, 87, 342-43
texm3x3tex instruction, 87, 343
texm3x3vspec instruction, 343
texreg2ar instruction, 87, 343, 395-96
texreg2gb instruction, 87, 344, 396
texreg2rgb instruction, 87, 344, 395
texture coordinate register, 31, 78
texture coordinates, 73, 78
texture data type, 149, 410
Texture effect state, 431
texture filtering, 70
texture instructions
pixel shader, 80, 81, 85-87
vertex shader, 32, 36
texture maps, 95-101
texture reads, 391-96
texture registers, 76-77, 78, 92-93
texture sampling, 69, 70, 71, 73, 78, 101, 246
texture shaders, 123, 198-99. See also procedural textures
texture stage states, 70, 190-91, 216, 226, 431-32
texture stages, defined, 70
texture states, 216, 226, 431
TextureFactor effect state, 425
textures. See multitexture blending; sampling textures
TextureTransform effect state, 433
TextureTransformFlag effect state, 432
texturing, in Asm vertex and pixel shader example, 243-49
times operator (*), 151, 186, 352
tokens, HLSL grammar, 407-8
transform states, 226, 433
translation, 288-89, 290, 292
transpose intrinsic function, 386
transposing matrices, 17, 56, 64
TweenFactor effect state, 423
tweening, 6
type casts, 347, 349-51
type modifiers, 132-33
typedef keyword, 348-49
types, HLSL grammar, 401-2. See also data types, HLSL
U
unary operators, 151
#undef directive, 397
uniform shader constants, 282-83
uniform variable, 135
usages
HLSL grammar, 401
role in effects, 417
user-defined data types, 347, 348-49
user-defined functions, 353-55
V
v# registers
pixel shader, 76, 77, 78-79
vertex shader, 29, 30
ValidateTechnique method, 234
validation, effect, 234, 418
variables
declaring, 132, 409-10
HLSL grammar, 402-3
vector data type, 136, 347-48, 410
vector math, 117-18, 137
vector types
component access, 136
component swizzling, 136-37
overview, 135-36
version declarations, 7-8
version instructions
pixel shader, 74
vertex shader, 27
versions, pixel shader
differences, 92-93
input registers, 76-80
maximum number of instructions, 81-82
output registers, 77, 79
registers, 76-80
versions, vertex shader
choosing, 39-41
maximum number of instructions, 32-33
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 56-65
vertex buffer, 12, 14, 15, 28, 128, 208-10
vertex color, 6, 297, 299-302
vertex data
adding diffuse color examples, 19-23, 113-15
blending, 5-6, 56-65
block diagram, 26
converting, 287-97
declaring, 12, 14
transformations, 287-97
tweening, 6
vertex declarations, 12, 15-16, 21-23, 117, 128-29
vertex fog, 6, 43-47, 69, 297-99
vertex pipe render states, 226
vertex processing
3-D graphics pipeline, 287
3-D pipeline block diagram, 215-16
defined, 5
overview, 4, 287
role of lights and materials, 6, 299-302
steps in converting data from model space to projection space, 5-6, 287, 288
vertex shader constant states, 226, 429
Vertex Shader SDK sample, 47-56
vertex shaders. See also virtual machine, pixel shader; virtual machine, vertex shader
Asm examples, 43-65
Asm instructions, 305-45
basic pixel shader example, 95, 100
blending example, 56-65
block diagram, 25, 26
comments, 27-28
creating shader objects, 12, 13-14
defined, 4
Hello World analog, 6-19, 110-15
layout example, 27-28
maximum number of instructions by version, 32-33
objects, 123
processing overview, 4-6
resources, 123
sample matrix transformation, 7, 9-10
sample register declaration, 7, 8-9
sample version declaration, 7-8
SDK sample, 47-56
simple example, 6-19
version differences, 7-8, 39-41
vertex tweening, 6
VertexBlend effect state, 423
vertexshader data type, 148, 410
VertexShader effect state, 252, 428
VertexShaderConstant effect states, 429, 430
vertical bar (|), as Boolean math operator, 152, 352
vertices
animating, 56, 62
converting
model space to projection space in simple program example, 6-19
model space to world space, 291-92
world space into view space, 292-94
defined, 4
vFace input register, 79, 80
view matrix, 16, 292-94
VIEW semantic, 276
view space, 6, 187, 288, 292-94
view transform, 6, 288, 292-94
viewing frustrum. See frustrum
viewport scaling, 68, 288
VIEWPROJECTION semantic, 276
ViewTransform effect state, 433
virtual machine, pixel shader
block diagram, 68, 72-73
defined, 67
virtual machine, vertex shader
block diagram, 25-26
defined, 25
implementing registers, 29-32
modifiers, 37-39
Visual C++ projects, 180
Visual Studio, 117, 181
vPos input register, 79, 80
vs instruction, 33, 344-45
VS vertex shader function, 195, 196-98, 224-25, 281
vs_1_1
maximum number of instruction slots, 33
overview, 40
vs_2_x
maximum number of instruction slots, 33
overview, 40
Vertex Blend SDK sample, 58
vs_3_x
maximum number of instruction slots, 33
overview, 41
VSGlow function, 183-88
.vsh files, 53, 61
VSTexture function, 171, 173, 176-78, 179
W
while statements, 159
WIDTH annotation, 277
world matrix, 16
WORLD semantic, 276
world space, 5, 288, 291-92
world transform, 5, 288, 291-92
WorldTransform effect state, 433
WORLDVIEW semantic, 276
WORLDVIEWPROJ semantic, 230, 231
WORLDVIEWPROJECTION semantic, 276, 277
Wrap effect states, 425
write masks
pixel shader, 90, 91-92
vertex shaders, 38
X-Z
XFile string, 277, 281
ZEnable effect state, 425
ZFunc effect state, 426
ZVisible effect state, 426
ZWriteEnable effect state, 426
Last Updated: May 29, 2003
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