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| MCSA/MCSE Managing a Microsoft® Windows® 2000 Network Environment Readiness Review; Exam 70-218 |
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Chapter 3: Managing, Securing, and Troubleshooting Servers and Client Computers
- Tested Skills and Suggested Practices
- Objective 3.1 Install and configure server and client computer hardware.
- Objective 3.2 Troubleshoot starting servers and client computers.
- Objective 3.3 Monitor and troubleshoot server health and performance.
- Objective 3.4 Install and manage Windows 2000 updates.
3 Managing, Securing, and Troubleshooting Servers and Client Computers
Your responsibilities as an administrator most likely require you to actively manage server and client computers. One of the most basic and frequently performed tasks is installing hardware devices on server and client computers. Your users probably look to you for assistance installing the hardware devices, installing appropriate drivers, and configuring the device settings. Knowing how to effectively troubleshoot startup issues on servers and client computers caused by corrupt files or configuration errors is also an extremely important skill for administrators. You can often prevent startup issues and other server issues by monitoring a server's performance using such tools as System Monitor, Event Viewer, and Task Manager. Part of your management responsibilities might also include the sometimes tedious but critically important task of installing the appropriate service packs and hotfixes on computers in your network. Doing so helps ensure that the latest security fixes and performance improvements are available to your users. Understanding how to perform these tasks is key to managing server and client computers on your network.
Tested Skills and Suggested Practices
The skills that you need to master the Managing, Securing, and Troubleshooting Servers and Client Computers objective domain on the Managing a Microsoft Windows 2000 Network Environment exam include:
- Installing and configuring server and client computer hardware.
- Practice 1: Note the hardware devices on a Windows 2000 computer such as the network adapter, sound card, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) drive, and other storage devices. Verify that each device's manufacturer and model is Windows 2000-compliant on the Microsoft Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) at http://www.microsoft.com/hcl/default.asp.
- Practice 2: Use Add/Remove Hardware in Control Panel to uninstall a Windows 2000-compliant Plug and Play (PnP) device from a Windows 2000 computer. Choose a device that is not critical to the operation of the computer. Use Device Manager to review all installed devices. Note that Device Manager does not list the device you uninstalled. Scan for hardware changes so Windows 2000 finds the device and reinstalls it on your computer.
- Practice 3: Use Device Manager to view the properties for devices on your computer. Review the resource allocation for hardware devices such as a modem, network card, or Universal Serial Bus (USB) device. Choose a device that is not critical to the operation of the computer and update the device driver. Keep the currently installed driver if the Upgrade Device Driver Wizard explains that a suitable driver is already installed. Use the Driver Details button to view information about the device driver.
- Troubleshooting starting servers and client computers.
- Practice 1: Start a Windows 2000 computer using an advanced boot option such as Safe Mode or Safe Mode with Networking by pressing F8 during startup. Restart the computer and use the Enable Boot Logging option from the Windows Advanced Options Menu. Restart the computer normally and examine the boot log file (NTBTLOG.TXT in the system root directory) to identify the files Windows 2000 attempts to load at startup.
- Practice 2: Start the Recovery Console by starting the computer from the Windows 2000 Setup CD-ROM. Review the available Help commands by typing help at the command prompt. Do not use the commands unless you are resolving an actual startup problem, because the Recovery Console is a powerful tool that can damage the operating system if you use it improperly. Type exit to close the Recovery Console and restart your computer.
- Monitoring and troubleshooting server health and performance.
- Practice 1: Access the Performance console from the Administrative Tools program group. Using the System Monitor snap-in, add several counters to monitor memory and cache performance. View the real-time counter values on the System Monitor graph.
- Practice 2: Access the Performance console from the Administrative Tools program group. Use the Performance Logs and Alerts snap-in to define settings for counter logs using the same counters you used in Practice 1. Configure the logs to automatically start and stop at a time you choose. After you collect the performance logs, view the data using System Monitor.
- Practice 3: Use Event Viewer from Administrative Tools. View information contained in the default Windows 2000 logs—application, security, and system. From the system log, select an event and view the event's properties. If you or a systems administrator has created an Audit Policy, view the associated security log.
- Practice 4: Use Task Manager to view information about applications and processes running on a Microsoft Windows 2000 server. Use the Performance tab to monitor real-time performance data, including information about kernel usage. Use the Applications tab to select an application and then go to that application's process. Set a process's priority from the Processes tab.
- Installing and managing Windows 2000 updates.
- Practice 1: Determine whether a Windows 2000 computer has the latest service pack installed by running the WINVER.EXE program from the Run dialog box. If applicable, download the latest service pack from http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com and run UPDATE.EXE to replace the existing files with the new files from the service pack.
- Practice 2: Create a master source for distributing service pack files using slipstreaming. Download the service pack files to the folder containing the Windows 2000 installation files. Then apply the service pack by running UPDATE.EXE with the -s: distribution_folder switch (where distribution_folder is the name of the folder that contains the Windows 2000 installation files). This procedure replaces the existing Windows 2000 files with the appropriate files from the service pack.
Further Reading
This section lists supplemental readings by objective. We recommend that you study these sources thoroughly before taking exam 70-218.Objective 3.1
Microsoft Corporation. MCSA Training Kit: Managing a Microsoft Windows 2000 Network Environment. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2002. Review Lesson 1 in Chapter 2, "Managing Client and Server Computers."
Microsoft Corporation. Windows 2000 Server Resource Kit. Volume: Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Operations Guide. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2000. Chapter 14, "Troubleshooting Strategies." (View the information contained in this chapter for free at http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/reskit/default.asp.)
Microsoft Corporation. MCSE Training Kit: Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2000. Review Lessons 4 and 5 in Chapter 4, "Using Windows Control Panel."
Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Windows 2000 Administrator's Pocket Consultant. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2000. Read Chapter 2, "Managing Microsoft Windows 2000 Workstations and Servers."
Objective 3.2
Microsoft Corporation. MCSA Training Kit: Managing a Microsoft Windows 2000 Network Environment. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2002. Review Lesson 4 in Chapter 2, "Managing Client and Server Computers."
Microsoft Corporation. Windows 2000 Server Resource Kit. Volume: Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Operations Guide. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2000. Review Chapter 13, "Repair, Recovery, and Restore," Chapter 14, "Troubleshooting Strategies," and Chapter 15, "Startup Process." (View the information contained in these chapters for free at http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/reskit/default.asp.)
Microsoft Corporation. MCSE Training Kit: Microsoft Windows 2000 Server. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2000. Read Lesson 4 in Chapter 12, "Reliability and Availability."
"Windows 2000 Safe-Mode Boot and Recovery Console" describes Safe Mode and Recovery Console, and provides examples of their use. (Download this white paper for free at http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/administration/management/safemode.asp.)
Objective 3.3
Microsoft Corporation. MCSA Training Kit: Managing a Microsoft Windows 2000 Network Environment. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2002. Review Lesson 1 in Chapter 6, "Monitoring Server Health and Security."
Microsoft Corporation. Windows 2000 Server Resource Kit. Volume: Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Operations Guide. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2000. Review Chapter 5, "Overview of Performance Monitoring," and Chapter 14, "Troubleshooting Strategies." (View the information contained in these chapters for free at http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/reskit/default.asp.)
Microsoft Corporation. MCSE Training Kit: Microsoft Windows 2000 Server. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2000. Review Lessons 3 and 5 in Chapter 13, "Monitoring and Optimization."
Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Windows 2000 Administrator's Pocket Consultant. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2000. Review Chapter 3, "Monitoring Processes, Services, and Events."
Objective 3.4
Microsoft Corporation. MCSA Training Kit: Managing a Microsoft Windows 2000 Network Environment. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2002. Review Lesson 2 in Chapter 2, "Managing Client and Server Computers."
Microsoft Corporation. MCSE Training Kit: Microsoft Windows 2000 Server. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Press, 2000. Review Appendix C, "Installing Service Packs."
"Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 Installation and Deployment Guide" is a good source of information and procedures for deploying service packs. (Download the guide for free at http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/planning/incremental/sp2guide.asp.)
Objective 3.1 Install and configure server and client computer hardware.
As an administrator, part of your responsibilities might require you to assist users with installing and configuring hardware devices such as CD-ROM drives, printers, network adapters, display adapters, and keyboards. In many cases, installing hardware in a Windows 2000 environment is no more complex than plugging in the hardware and letting Windows 2000 automatically detect and install a Plug and Play (PnP) device. However, if Windows 2000 does not automatically detect the new hardware device or the device doesn't work correctly, you must know the appropriate troubleshooting and configuration steps. Many of the same steps you use for client computers are also applicable to servers in your organization.Your understanding of configuring hardware starts with knowing how to install hardware devices using Add/ Remove Hardware in Control Panel. You must then be able to load the correct driver for the device. The final installation step is to make sure the device properties and settings are properly configured. For example, you must make sure the system resources used by the device, such as input/output (I/O) port addresses or interrupt request (IRQ) line numbers, do not conflict with other devices on the computer. You should know how to use Device Manager to update device drivers and how to install unsigned device drivers. Device Manager is located under System Tools in the Computer Management snap-in. Driver Signing notifies Windows 2000 users whether the drivers they are installing are compatible with Windows 2000. You can configure Windows 2000 to warn or prevent users from installing unsigned drivers.
A frequent cause of hardware problems is using hardware that is not compatible with Windows 2000. To help prevent incompatibilities, Microsoft publishes the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL), which is a compilation of system hardware Microsoft has tested with Windows 2000. One way to prevent hardware problems is to make sure you are using a device make and model listed in the HCL. Another method to ensure hardware compatibility is to use the compatibility-mode option integrated with Windows 2000 Setup. You use this option before installing Windows 2000 to examine the computer's hardware and software for known problems Setup might encounter. The option produces a report describing any hardware files or upgrade packs the computer might need to successfully run Windows 2000.
Regular maintenance of hardware devices is also part of an administrator's responsibilities. For some computers, creating, configuring, and activating a hardware profile is appropriate. A hardware profile stores configuration settings for a set of devices and services. For example, you might want to optimize a laptop's hardware profile to support switching between a docking station and stand-alone use. To make sure the hardware in your organization operates correctly, you need to have a thorough understanding of how to configure these hardware options.
MCS
70-218.03.01.001
C
You are configuring a user's Windows 2000 computer and you need to make sure the hardware is working properly. You also want to perform the following tasks:
- Change the hardware configuration settings.
- Identify the device drivers loaded for each device and install updated drivers if necessary.
- Identify any device conflicts and change advanced settings and properties for the devices.
Which tool is appropriate for performing these tasks?
A. The System Information snap-in.
Incorrect
Although you can use System Information to troubleshoot hardware devices by displaying system configuration information, this is not the appropriate tool for the specified tasks. System Information is a snap-in you can use to collect and view configuration information about your system. For example, you can display hardware resource settings to troubleshoot conflicts. However, you cannot use System Information to change hardware configuration settings, install device drivers, or change advanced settings as you can with Device Manager.
B. The Add/Remove Hardware Wizard.
Incorrect
You use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard to add, remove, and troubleshoot new hardware devices. It is most appropriate for finding and installing new Plug and Play (PnP) hardware. You cannot use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard to identify device drivers and change advance settings for devices.
C. Device Manager.
Correct
Device Manager is the appropriate tool for these tasks because it provides you with a graphical view of the hardware installed on your computer. To determine whether a hardware device is working correctly, access Device Manager under System Tools in Computer Management. Device Manager lists all devices on the computer; each device that has problems displays corresponding status information. Using Device Manager, you can change a device's configuration settings, manage and update device drivers, and change advanced settings. When you need to manually change device configurations, Device Manager allows you to identify free resources and assign a device to that resource. You can also disable devices or reallocate resources to free up additional resources for other devices. You must be logged on as a member of the Administrators group to change resource settings.
D. None of these tools allow you to perform the tasks.
Incorrect
This is incorrect for the reasons stated in answer C.
MCS
70-218.03.01.002
B
One of your coworkers has an external USB CD-ROM configured on her Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional computer. The CD-ROM is no longer working properly, and the coworker is asking you for assistance. You suspect that the CD-ROM driver needs updating. How can you best update the driver?
A. Use Device Manager to disable the CD-ROM, and then restart the computer.
Incorrect
Disabling the CD-ROM and restarting the computer does not update the device driver. When you disable a device, the device driver is no longer loaded when you start the computer. You must enable the device to allow the device drivers to be loaded, and in this case the system would load the original driver.
B. Use Device Manager to access the CD-ROM's Properties dialog box to update the driver.
Correct
The best way to update the CD-ROM driver in this situation is to use Device Manager to access the CD- ROM's properties and install an updated device driver. First, be sure to have the manufacturer's latest driver available. To install the updated driver, click the Update Driver button on the Drivers tab of the device's Properties dialog box. You then use the Update Device Driver Wizard to update the driver.
C. Use Device Manager to scan for hardware changes.
Incorrect
Scanning for hardware changes does not update the device driver. You use the Scan for Hardware Changes option in Device Manager to scan for PnP-compliant hardware connected to the computer. This does not reinstall a PnP device if the CD-ROM is already installed, and it does not update the driver. If you scan for hardware changes in this situation, Device Manager will most likely not find any new hardware.
D. Use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard in Control Panel to remove the CD-ROM, and then restart the computer.
Incorrect
Although it is possible to use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard to update a device driver, it is not the most efficient method and might not work. To use this method, you must first uninstall the CD-ROM and drivers, connect the CD-ROM to the computer, and possibly restart the computer to allow Windows 2000 to detect the CD-ROM. This method will possibly reinstall the existing drivers if they are found on the computer; if not, you are then prompted for the updated driver.
MCS
70-218.03.01.003
D
You are configuring a new laptop computer and docking station for one of your coworkers. The computer is running Windows 2000 Professional, and all hardware is PnP compliant. How do you enable the computer to recognize docked and undocked hardware profiles?
A. You must create new hardware profiles using Hardware Profiles from the Hardware tab in the System Properties dialog box.
Incorrect
Although you create a new profile in the Hardware Profiles dialog box, it is not necessary for this configuration.
B. You configure each individual device to be recognized by the profile using Hardware Profiles from the Hardware tab in the System Properties dialog box.
Incorrect
You cannot configure individual devices using Hardware Profiles.
C. You customize the existing Profile 1 (Current) profile using Device Manager.
Incorrect
Although you can customize the devices associated with each profile using Device Manager, this step is unnecessary.
D. You do not need to enable the computer to recognize these profiles.
Correct
If a portable computer and docking station are fully PnP compliant, you do not need to create new hardware profiles and you do not need to designate which profile to use when the computer starts. Windows 2000 automatically creates the docked profile and the undocked profile when it detects the hardware dock ID and serial number. Using PnP enumeration, the operating system automatically selects the correct hardware profile based on whether the laptop is docked or undocked. Portable computers that are not fully PnP compliant might require you to manually create the hardware profile.
MCS
70-218.03.01.004
A
One of your users is attempting to add an external compact disc-rewritable (CD-RW) drive to his Windows 2000 Professional computer. Microsoft has not signed the device driver for the CD-RW, and the user has been unable to install the hardware. How can you configure the computer so the user can install the unsigned driver?
A. Set the Driver Signing option to Warn.
Correct
You access the Driver Signing option from the Hardware tab in System Properties. Because Windows 2000 is preventing the user from installing an unsigned device driver, it is likely the Driver Signing option has been set to Block. To allow the unsigned driver to be installed, you must change the option to Warn or Ignore. The Warn option notifies the user if a driver has not been signed and allows the user to cancel the installation. The Ignore option allows all files to be installed, regardless of whether they have been signed.
B. Set the Driver Signing option to Block.
Incorrect
Although you need to configure the Driver Signing option in this situation, setting the option to Block prevents all unsigned drivers from being installed.
C. Use Device Manager to access the device's Properties dialog box to modify the device's properties to allow an unsigned driver.
Incorrect
Although you can use Device Manager to access a hardware device's properties, modifying those properties does not allow you to install an unsigned driver.
D. Use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard in Control Panel to install the device and the driver.
Incorrect
Using the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard allows you install hardware devices and the appropriate drivers. You cannot use the wizard to allow the installation of unsigned drivers if they are blocked.
MCS
70-218.03.01.005
D
A user in your organization has a Windows 2000 Professional laptop computer with a built-in network adapter. You want to configure the computer so the network adapter is unavailable when the user is away from the office and not connected to the organization's network. You decide to create a new hardware profile to accomplish this task, so you log on as administrator. First, you create a second hardware profile named "Undocked." You then configure Windows 2000 so the user must select an appropriate profile when the computer starts. Then you restart the laptop and select the new profile. What do you do next?
A. Use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard to uninstall the network adapter.
Incorrect
You use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard when you intend to remove the device completely from the computer. Because you cannot physically remove the built-in network adapter, Windows 2000 will likely detect the device and attempt to install it the next time you start the computer. For this scenario, you must keep the device connected to the computer.
B. Use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard to disable the network adapter.
Incorrect
Although disabling the network adapter is the correct approach, the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard does not have a feature to disable hardware devices.
C. Use Device Manager to remove the network adapter.
Incorrect
Do not uninstall the device from the computer. Because the network adapter is built in, Windows 2000 will likely recognize it and attempt to install it when you start the computer again. Even if it were possible to physically remove the network adapter from the computer, this method is inappropriate because you would need to reinstall the device each time the user wants to connect to the network.
D. Use Device Manager to disable the network adapter.
Correct
You use Device Manager to disable and enable devices in specific profiles. Because you are currently in the "Undocked" hardware profile, any hardware configuration changes you make are implemented in the profile. When you disable the network adapter, the device drivers for the device are not loaded when you start the computer.
MCM
70-218.03.01.006
C and E
A user in your organization has asked you for assistance installing a new modem on her computer. The computer has Windows 2000 Professional installed. You are unsure whether the modem is Plug and Play (PnP) compliant. What methods are appropriate for installing the modem? (Choose all that apply.)
A. Use the Network Connection Wizard from the Network and Dial-Up Connection folder.
Incorrect
The Network Connection Wizard assists you with creating new connection types, such as connections between your computer and the Internet, a network, or another computer. It can set up a dial-up connection, but it cannot help you with the initial installation of the modem.
B. Use Device Manager.
Incorrect
You use Device Manager to check the properties of installed devices and to scan for hardware changes, but you cannot use Device Manager to initially install the modem. You might use the Scan for Hardware Changes option if the modem is not working correctly and you first uninstall it.
C. Use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard in Control Panel.
Correct
You can use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard to add the modem by starting the Add a New Device option to search for new hardware. If the modem is PnP compliant, after you connect it to the computer, the Install New Modem screen appears and automatically detects the modem. If it does not automatically detect the modem, you can choose Add A New Device and then manually select the modem from a list of known devices.
D. Use the Add/Remove Programs Wizard in Control Panel.
Incorrect
The Add/Remove Programs Wizard installs, removes, or updates software, so it is not appropriate for installing new hardware devices such as a modem.
E. Use the Phone and Modem Options program in Control Panel.
Correct
You can use the Phone and Modem Options program to configure dialing rules and settings for a modem. You can also add new modems by clicking Add in the Modems tab in the Phone And Modem Options dialog box. This opens the Install New Modem screen of the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard. From this screen, you add the modem in the same way as adding modems from the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard.
Last Updated: February 19, 2002
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