Microsoft® Windows® 2000 TCP/IP Protocols and Services Technical Reference

Author Thomas Lee and Joseph Davies Pages 576 Disk 1 Companion CD(s) Level Int/Adv Published 01/05/2000 ISBN 9780735605565 ISBN-10 0-7356-0556-4 Price(USD) $49.99 To see this book's discounted price, select a reseller below.	More Information About the Book Table of Contents Sample Chapter Index Related Series Related Books About the Author Support: Book & CD Rate this book

Table of Contents

Tables	xv
Preface	xix
Acknowledgments	xxi
Introduction	xxiii
PART I THE NETWORK INTERFACE LAYER
CHAPTER 1 Local Area Network (LAN) Technologies	3
LAN Encapsulations	3
Ethernet	4
Ethernet II	4
IEEE 802.3	9
IEEE 802.3 SNAP	11
Special Bits on Ethernet MAC Addresses	14
Token Ring	15
IEEE 802.5	16
IEEE 802.5 SNAP	19
Special Bits on Token Ring MAC Addresses	21
FDDI	23
FDDI Frame Format	23
FDDI SNAP	26
Special Bits on FDDI MAC Addresses	28
Summary	28
CHAPTER 2 Wide Area Network (WAN) Technologies	29
WAN Encapsulations	29
Point-to-Point Encapsulation	30
SLIP	30
PPP	32
PPP Multilink Protocol	36
X.25	39
X.25 Encapsulation	40
Frame Relay	42
Frame Relay Encapsulation	44
ATM	46
The ATM Cell	47
ATM Architecture	49
AAL5	51
Multiprotocol Encapsulation with AAL5	54
Summary	55
CHAPTER 3 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)	57
Overview of ARP	57
The ARP Cache	58
Updating the MAC Address	60
Windows 2000 ARP Registry Settings	60
ARP Frame Structure	62
ARP Request and ARP Reply Example	64
Gratuitous ARP and Duplicate IP Address Detection	67
IP Address Conflict Detection	67
The Gratuitous ARP and Address Conflict Exchange	68
Inverse ARP (InARP)	69
Proxy ARP	70
Summary	72
PART II INTERNET LAYER PROTOCOLS
CHAPTER 4 Internet Protocol (IP) Basics	75
Introduction to IP	75
IP Services	75
IP MTU	77
The IP Datagram	78
The IP Header	78
Version	78
Header Length	79
Type Of Service	80
Total Length	83
Identification	83
Flags	83
Fragment Offset	83
Time To Live	83
Protocol	85
Header Checksum	86
Source Address	86
Destination Address	86
Options and Padding	86
Fragmentation	87
Fragmentation Fields	87
Fragmentation Example	89
Reassembly Example	91
Fragmenting a Fragment	93
Avoiding Fragmentation	93
IP Options	96
End Of Option List	97
No Operation	98
Record Route	98
Strict and Loose Source Routing	100
IP Router Alert	103
Internet Timestamp	104
Summary	106
CHAPTER 5 Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing	107
Types of IP Addresses	107
Expressing IP Addresses	107
Converting from Binary to Decimal	108
Converting from Decimal to Binary	109
IP Addresses in the IP Header	109
Unicast IP Addresses	109
A History Lesson: IP Address Classes	110
Rules for Enumerating Network IDs	112
Rules for Enumerating Host IDs	112
Subnets and the Subnet Mask	113
How to Subnet	117
Variable-Length Subnetting	125
Supernetting and Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)	128
Public and Private Addresses	131
Microsoft Windows 2000 Automatic Private IP Addressing	134
IP Broadcast Addresses	134
Network Broadcast	134
Subnet Broadcast	135
All-Subnets-Directed Broadcast	135
Limited Broadcast	135
IP Multicast Addresses	136
Mapping IP Multicast Addresses to MAC Addresses	137
Summary	138
CHAPTER 6 Internet Protocol (IP) Routing	139
Introduction to IP Routing	139
Direct and Indirect Deliveries	139
Types of Links	140
Broadcast	140
Point-to-Point	141
Non-Broadcast Multiple Access	142
The IP Routing Table	143
Structure	143
Types of Routes	144
Route Determination Process	145
The Microsoft Windows 2000 IP Routing Table	146
Multihomed Nodes	148
Maintaining the Microsoft Windows 2000 IP Routing Table	148
IP Routing from Sending Host to Destination	151
Sending Host Forwarding Process	151
IP Router Forwarding Process	151
Destination Host Receiving Process	152
IP Routing Infrastructure Overview	153
Single-Path vs. Multi-Path	154
Class-Based vs. Classless	155
Flat vs. Hierarchical	156
Static vs. Dynamic	157
Single vs. Multiple Autonomous Systems	161
Routing Utilities	161
Summary	162
CHAPTER 7 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)	163
ICMP Message Structure	164
ICMP Messages	165
ICMP Echo/Echo Reply	165
ICMP Destination Unreachable	167
Path MTU Discovery	171
Windows 2000 Registry Settings for PMTU	174
ICMP Source Quench	174
ICMP Redirect	176
ICMP Router Discovery	178
ICMP Time Exceeded	181
ICMP Parameter Problem	182
PING Utility	184
PING Options	184
TRACERT Utility	186
TRACERT Options	189
PATHPING Utility	189
PATHPING Options	190
Summary	190
CHAPTER 8 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)	191
Introduction to IP Multicast and IGMP	191
IP Multicasting Overview	191
Host Support	192
Router Support	194
The Multicast-Enabled IP Internetwork	195
IGMP Message Structure	196
IGMP Version 1 (IGMPv1)	197
IGMP Version 2 (IGMPv2)	200
Microsoft Windows 2000 and IGMP	204
TCP/IP Protocol	204
The Routing and Remote Access Service	204
Summary	207
CHAPTER 9 Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)	209
Chapter Contents	210
Introduction to IPv6	211
Nodes, Routers, Hosts, and Interfaces	211
Links, Neighbors, Link MTUs, and Link Layer Addresses	212
Unicast, Multicast, and Anycast Addresses	212
Addressing	212
Text Representation of IPv6 Addresses	212
Unicast Addresses	213
Anycast Addresses	216
Multicast Addresses	216
Neighbor Discovery	217
IPv6 Header Format and Routing Mechanisms	219
Hop-by-Hop Options Header	221
Destination Options Header	221
Routing Header	222
Fragment Header	222
Authentication Header	223
Transition Mechanisms	224
Dual-Stack Implementation	224
IPv6 Over IPv4 Tunneling	224
Summary	224
PART III TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOLS
CHAPTER 10 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)	227
Introduction to User Datagram Protocol	227
Uses for UDP	228
The UDP Message	228
The UDP Header	229
The UDP Pseudo Header	230
UDP Ports	231
MaxUserPort	232
Summary	234
CHAPTER 11 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Basics	235
Introduction to TCP	235
The TCP Segment	236
The TCP Header	237
TCP Ports	239
MaxUserPort	240
TCP Flags	242
The TCP Pseudo Header	243
TCP Urgent Data	244
TCP Options	246
End Of Option List and No Operation	246
Maximum Segment Size Option	247
TCP Window Scale Option	249
Selective Acknowledgment Option	251
TCP Timestamps Option	255
Summary	258
CHAPTER 12 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Connections	259
The TCP Connection	259
TCP Connection Establishment	260
Segment 1: The Synchronize (SYN) Segment	260
Segment 2: The SYN-ACK Segment	262
Segment 3: The ACK Segment	263
Result of TCP Connection Establishment Process	265
TCP Half-Open Connections	266
TCP Connection Maintenance	269
KeepAliveTime	270
KeepAliveInterval	270
TCP Connection Termination	270
Segment 1	271
Segment 2	272
Segment 3	273
Segment 4	274
TCP Connection Reset	275
TCP Connection States	277
Controlling TCP Connection Terminations in Microsoft Windows 2000	279
Summary	280
CHAPTER 13 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Data Flow	281
Basic TCP Data Flow Behavior	281
TCP Acknowledgments	281
Delayed Acknowledgments	282
Cumulative for Contiguous Data	282
Selective for Non-Contiguous Data	283
TCP Sliding Windows	284
Send Window	284
Receive Window	288
Microsoft Windows 2000 Maximum Receive Window Size	290
Small Segments	293
The Nagle Algorithm	293
Silly Window Syndrome	294
Sender-Side Flow Control	295
Slow Start Algorithm	296
Congestion Avoidance Algorithm	298
Summary	300
CHAPTER 14 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Retransmission and Time-Out	301
Retransmission Time-Out and Round-Trip Time	301
Congestion Collapse	302
Retransmission Behavior	303
TcpMaxDataRetransmissions	304
Retransmission Behavior for New Connections	305
Dead Gateway Detection	306
Using the Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) TCP Option	307
Calculating the RTO	308
TcpInitialRTT	309
Using the TCP Timestamps Option	309
Karn's Algorithm	313
Karn's Algorithm and the Timestamps Option	315
Fast Retransmit	315
TcpMaxDupAcks	316
Fast Recovery	317
Summary	317
PART IV APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS AND SERVICES
CHAPTER 15 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Service	321
Chapter Contents	322
Overview to DHCP in Windows 2000	322
What Is DHCP?	322
DHCP Overview and Key Terms	322
How DHCP Works	328
DHCP Messages	332
General Message Format	332
DHCPDISCOVER	334
DHCPOFFER	336
DHCPREQUEST	338
DHCPACK	340
DHCPDECLINE	341
DHCPNAK	343
DHCPRELEASE	345
DHCPINFORM	346
DHCP Options	347
What Are DHCP Options?	347
Options Supported by Windows 2000	348
Summary	350
CHAPTER 16 Domain Name Service (DNS)	351
Chapter Contents	352
Overview to DNS in Microsoft Windows 2000	352
What Is DNS?	352
Key DNS Terms	353
How DNS Works	367
Configuring DNS Client Functions	367
Resolving Names	368
Resolving Aliases	369
Dynamically Updating DNS	370
Transferring Zone Information	372
DNS Resource Records	373
What Are Resource Records?	373
Resource Records Supported by Windows 2000	375
DNS Messages	377
DNS Messages	377
Name-Query Message	382
Name-Query Response Message	383
Reverse-Name Query Message	383
Name Update Message	383
Name Update Response Message	384
Summary	384
CHAPTER 17 Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)	385
Chapter Contents	386
Overview of WINS in Windows 2000	387
What Is WINS?	387
Key WINS Terms	387
How WINS Works	398
Registering NetBIOS Names	398
Resolving NetBIOS Name Registration Conflicts	400
Releasing NetBIOS Names	401
Resolving NetBIOS Names	401
Refreshing NetBIOS Names	403
Determining Adapter Status	403
NetBIOS Name Service Messages	404
Name Service Header	405
NetBIOS Name Representation	408
Question Entries	409
Resource Records (RRs)	410
Resource Record Name Compression	412
Name Registration Message	413
Positive Name Registration Response	414
Negative Name Registration Response	414
Name Refresh Message	416
Name Release Request Message	416
Name Release Response Message	417
Name Query Request Message	418
Positive Name Query Response Message	419
Negative Name Response Message	419
Wait Acknowledgment Message	420
Summary	421
CHAPTER 18 File and Printer Sharing	423
Overview	423
Chapter Contents	423
Introduction to Internet Printing	423
IPP Operation	424
IPP Specifications	426
Introduction to CIFS	434
CIFS Operation	434
Summary	439
CHAPTER 19 Internet Information Server (IIS) and the Internet Protocols	441
Chapter Contents	441
HTTP	441
Introduction and Terminology	441
HTTP Operation	443
URIs	443
HTTP Messages	444
Request Messages	445
Response Messages	446
HTTP Codings	458
HTTP Content Negotiation	459
HTTP Caching	460
FTP	461
Introduction and Terminology	461
FTP Operation	462
FTP Data	464
Connections and Transmission Modes	465
FTP Commands and Responses	467
SMTP	468
Introduction and Terminology	468
SMTP Operation	469
SMTP Commands	471
SMTP Replies	474
Summary	475
CHAPTER 20 Securing IP Communications with IP Security (IPSec)	477
Chapter Contents	478
IPSec Overview	478
How IPSec Works	483
Authentication Header (AH) Details	485
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Details	487
Summary	490
CHAPTER 21 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	491
Chapter Contents	491
Overview of Virtual Private Networks	492
What Is a VPN?	492
VPN Clients and Servers	493
VPN Protocols	493
Tunneling	494
VPN Authentication	497
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)	498
VPN Address Assignment	498
VPN Data Compression	499
VPN Data Encryption	499
Introduction to Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)	499
Installation of PPTP	500
PPTP Encapsulation	500
PPTP Encryption	501
Introduction to Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)	501
Installation of L2TP	501
L2TP Encapsulation	502
L2TP Encryption	503
Summary	503
Glossary	505
Bibliography	511
Index	515