| Acknowledgments | xxxv |
| Preface to the Second Edition | xxxvii |
| Introduction | xxxix |
| What Is Networking? | xxxix |
| The History of Networking | xliii |
| The Scope of This Encyclopedia | lv |
| Who This Work Is For | lv |
| How This Work Is Organized | lv |
| Disclaimer | lvi |
| Comments and Questions | lvi |
| ALPHABETICAL REFERENCE OF TERMS | |
| Numbers and Symbols | |
| 1Base5 | 1 |
| 2B+D | 1 |
| 2B1Q | 1 |
| 2G | 1 |
| 2.5G | 1 |
| 3G | 2 |
| 3.1 kHz bearer service | 4 |
| 4G | 4 |
| 5-4-3 rule | 4 |
| 6bone | 5 |
| 6to4 | 5 |
| 8mm | 6 |
| 10Base2 | 6 |
| 10Base5 | 7 |
| 10BaseF | 8 |
| 10BaseT | 9 |
| 10GbE | 10 |
| 10G Ethernet | 10 |
| 24 x 7 | 14 |
| 64-bit architecture | 14 |
| 64-bit Windows | 15 |
| 80/20 rule | 16 |
| 100BaseFX | 16 |
| 100BaseT | 17 |
| 100BaseT4 | 17 |
| 100BaseTX | 18 |
| 100BaseVG | 19 |
| 100BaseX | 19 |
| 100VG-AnyLAN | 19 |
| 568-A | 21 |
| 568-B | 21 |
| 802.1 | 22 |
| 802.1p | 22 |
| 802.1Q | 23 |
| 802.2 | 23 |
| 802.3 | 23 |
| 802.3ab | 24 |
| 802.3ad | 24 |
| 802.3ae | 24 |
| 802.3af | 24 |
| 802.3u | 25 |
| 802.3z | 25 |
| 802.4 | 25 |
| 802.5 | 25 |
| 802.6 | 25 |
| 802.7 | 26 |
| 802.8 | 26 |
| 802.9 | 26 |
| 802.10 | 26 |
| 802.11 | 26 |
| 802.11a | 27 |
| 802.11b | 28 |
| 802.12 | 31 |
| 802.13 | 31 |
| 802.14 | 31 |
| 802.15 | 31 |
| 802.16 | 32 |
| 802.17 | 32 |
| 1000BaseCX | 32 |
| 1000BaseLX | 33 |
| 1000BaseSX | 35 |
| 1000BaseT | 35 |
| 1000BaseTX | 37 |
| 1000BaseX | 37 |
| 1394 | 37 |
| 1822 | 37 |
| 3270 | 37 |
| 5250 | 38 |
| A | |
| A+ Certification | 39 |
| A record | 39 |
| A6 record | 39 |
| AAA | 40 |
| AAAA record | 40 |
| AAL | 40 |
| AATP | 40 |
| Abilene | 40 |
| absolute path | 41 |
| Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) | 41 |
| acceptable use policy | 42 |
| access | 42 |
| access control | 43 |
| access control entry (ACE) | 44 |
| access control list (ACL) | 44 |
| Accessibility Options | 45 |
| Accessibility Wizard | 46 |
| access list | 46 |
| access mask | 48 |
| access method | 48 |
| access mode | 49 |
| access point (AP) | 49 |
| access provider | 50 |
| access token | 50 |
| account | 51 |
| account domain | 51 |
| account lockout | 52 |
| account operator | 53 |
| Account Operators group | 53 |
| ACE | 53 |
| ACK | 53 |
| ACL | 54 |
| ACM | 54 |
| ACPI | 54 |
| ACR | 54 |
| Active Desktop | 54 |
| Active Digital Profile (ADPr) | 55 |
| Active Directory | 55 |
| Active Directory Client | 58 |
| Active Directory Domains and Trusts | 58 |
| Active Directory Installation Wizard | 58 |
| Active Directory schema | 60 |
| Active Directory Service Interfaces (ADSI) | 60 |
| Active Directory Sites and Services | 61 |
| Active Directory Users and Computers | 62 |
| active hub | 62 |
| active partition | 62 |
| Active Platform | 63 |
| active scripting | 63 |
| Active Server Pages (ASP) | 63 |
| Active Setup | 64 |
| active volume | 65 |
| active window | 65 |
| ActiveX | 65 |
| ActiveX component | 65 |
| ActiveX controls | 66 |
| ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) | 66 |
| adapter | 67 |
| adaptive acceleration | 68 |
| Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Modulation (ADPCM) | 68 |
| ADC | 68 |
| address book view | 69 |
| address record | 69 |
| Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) | 69 |
| ADMD | 70 |
| ADMIN$ | 70 |
| administrative alert | 70 |
| Administrative Management Domain (ADMD) | 70 |
| administrative share | 70 |
| administrative tools (Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows .NET Server) | 71 |
| administrative tools (Windows NT) | 71 |
| administrator | 72 |
| Administrators group | 72 |
| ADO | 73 |
| ADO+ | 73 |
| ADO.NET | 73 |
| ADPCM | 73 |
| ADPr | 73 |
| ADR | 73 |
| ADSI | 74 |
| ADSL | 74 |
| ADSL modem | 74 |
| Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) | 74 |
| Advanced Data Recording (ADR) | 75 |
| Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) | 75 |
| Advanced Infrared (AIr) | 76 |
| Advanced Intelligent Tape (AIT) | 76 |
| Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) | 76 |
| Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN) | 78 |
| Advanced Power Management (APM) | 78 |
| Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (APPC) protocol | 79 |
| Advanced Streaming Format (ASF) | 79 |
| Advanced Technology Demonstration Network (ATDnet) | 79 |
| AES | 80 |
| AFTP | 80 |
| agent | 80 |
| AGLP | 80 |
| AH | 81 |
| AIM | 81 |
| AIr | 81 |
| Air Interface | 81 |
| AIT | 82 |
| AIX | 82 |
| Alerter service | 82 |
| alias | 82 |
| Always On/Dynamic ISDN (AO/DI) | 83 |
| Alpha platform | 83 |
| American National Standards Institute (ANSI) | 83 |
| American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) | 84 |
| AMP | 84 |
| AMPS | 85 |
| analog | 85 |
| analog modem | 85 |
| analog-to-digital converter (ADC) | 85 |
| analog transmission | 86 |
| anchor | 86 |
| announcement | 86 |
| Announcement Manager | 87 |
| anonymous access | 87 |
| anonymous user | 87 |
| ANSI | 87 |
| ANSI C/C++ | 87 |
| ANSI character set | 88 |
| answer file | 88 |
| antenna | 88 |
| Anycast | 89 |
| AO/DI | 89 |
| AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) | 89 |
| AP | 90 |
| Apache | 90 |
| Apache Software Foundation | 91 |
| Apache XML Project | 91 |
| API | 91 |
| APIPA | 91 |
| APM (Advanced Power Management) | 92 |
| APM (Application Performance Management) | 92 |
| APNIC | 92 |
| APPC | 92 |
| APPC File Transfer Protocol (AFTP) | 92 |
| Apple Open Transport | 92 |
| AppleShare | 93 |
| AppleShare IP | 93 |
| applet | 93 |
| AppleTalk | 94 |
| appliance | 95 |
| Application Center | 95 |
| application layer | 95 |
| application layer proxy | 96 |
| application level gateway | 96 |
| application log | 97 |
| Application Performance Management (APM) | 97 |
| application programming interface (API) | 98 |
| application service provider (ASP) | 98 |
| APPN | 101 |
| archive attribute | 101 |
| archiving | 101 |
| ARCNET | 102 |
| ARC path | 102 |
| ARIN | 102 |
| ARP | 103 |
| ARPANET | 103 |
| Arp command | 103 |
| AS | 103 |
| AS/400 | 103 |
| ASCII | 104 |
| ASCII file | 106 |
| ASF | 106 |
| Asia Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC) | 107 |
| ASN | 107 |
| ASN.1 | 107 |
| ASP (Active Server Pages) | 107 |
| ASP (application service provider) | 107 |
| ASP.NET | 107 |
| ASR | 108 |
| Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) | 108 |
| Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) | 108 |
| asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) | 111 |
| async | 111 |
| Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) | 111 |
| asynchronous transmission | 116 |
| ATDnet | 117 |
| ATM | 117 |
| ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) | 117 |
| ATM Forum | 117 |
| ATM over SONET | 118 |
| ATM/SONET | 118 |
| attenuation | 118 |
| attenuation to crosstalk ratio (ACR) | 119 |
| attrib command | 119 |
| attribute (file system) | 119 |
| attribute (Active Directory) | 120 |
| ATU-C | 120 |
| ATU-R | 120 |
| auditing | 121 |
| Audit policy | 121 |
| AUI connector | 121 |
| Authenticated Users group | 122 |
| Authentication Header (AH) | 122 |
| authentication protocol | 122 |
| authentication provider | 123 |
| Authenticode | 123 |
| Authorized Academic Training Provider (AATP) | 123 |
| auto-application | 124 |
| AutoComplete | 124 |
| autodial | 124 |
| automatic logon | 125 |
| Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) | 125 |
| Automatic System Recovery (ASR) | 126 |
| Automatic Version Synchronization (AVS) | 126 |
| Automation | 126 |
| Automation client | 126 |
| Automation controller | 127 |
| Automation server | 127 |
| auto naming | 127 |
| autonomous system (AS) | 127 |
| autonomous system number (ASN) | 128 |
| autosensing | 128 |
| availability | 128 |
| AVS | 129 |
| AWG | 129 |
| AXFR request | 129 |
| B | |
| B2B | 131 |
| B2C | 134 |
| backbone | 134 |
| backboning | 135 |
| background | 136 |
| BackOffice | 137 |
| BackOffice Server | 137 |
| Back Orifice | 137 |
| backup | 138 |
| backup agent | 141 |
| backup browser | 141 |
| backup catalog | 141 |
| backup domain controller (BDC) | 142 |
| Backup Operator | 143 |
| Backup Operators built-in group | 143 |
| backup set | 144 |
| backup strategy | 144 |
| backup type | 145 |
| Backup Wizard | 146 |
| BACP | 146 |
| balanced line | 146 |
| balun | 147 |
| bandwidth | 147 |
| Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP) | 148 |
| Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (BAP) | 148 |
| bandwidth on demand | 149 |
| bandwidth throttling | 149 |
| Banyan VINES | 150 |
| BAP | 150 |
| baseband transmission | 151 |
| baseline | 151 |
| Basic authentication | 151 |
| basic disk | 152 |
| Basic Rate Interface ISDN (BRI-ISDN) | 152 |
| basic volume | 153 |
| bastion host | 153 |
| batch commands | 154 |
| batch file | 155 |
| bCentral | 155 |
| B channel | 156 |
| BDC | 156 |
| beaconing | 156 |
| BEEP | 157 |
| benchmarking | 157 |
| BeOS | 158 |
| BER | 158 |
| Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) | 158 |
| BERT | 158 |
| best effort | 159 |
| BGP | 159 |
| Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW) | 159 |
| Binary Tulloch Transport Protocol (BTTP) | 159 |
| BIND | 160 |
| bindery | 160 |
| bindings | 160 |
| biometric authentication | 161 |
| B-ISDN | 161 |
| Bit/Block Error Rate Tester (BERT) | 161 |
| Bit Error Rate (BER) | 162 |
| bits per second (bps) | 162 |
| BizTalk | 162 |
| BizTalk Framework | 163 |
| BizTalk Server 2000 | 164 |
| Blackcomb | 164 |
| black hole | 165 |
| BLEC | 165 |
| block coding | 165 |
| Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP) | 165 |
| blue screen | 166 |
| Bluetooth | 166 |
| BNC connector | 170 |
| B-node | 170 |
| bonding | 171 |
| boot | 172 |
| boot files | 172 |
| Boot.ini | 173 |
| boot loader menu | 173 |
| BOOTP | 174 |
| boot partition | 174 |
| boot process | 174 |
| Bootsect.dos | 175 |
| bootstrap protocol (BOOTP) | 175 |
| boot volume | 176 |
| Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | 176 |
| border router | 177 |
| bottleneck | 178 |
| bounce | 179 |
| bps | 179 |
| breakout box | 180 |
| BREW | 180 |
| bridge | 180 |
| bridgehead server | 181 |
| BRI-ISDN | 181 |
| broadband | 181 |
| broadband Internet access | 182 |
| broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) | 183 |
| broadband transmission | 183 |
| broadband wireless communications | 184 |
| broadcast domain | 186 |
| broadcast frame | 186 |
| broadcasting | 186 |
| broadcast packet | 187 |
| broadcast storm | 187 |
| brouter | 188 |
| browse list | 188 |
| browser (Computer Browser service) | 188 |
| browser (Web browser) | 188 |
| browsing | 188 |
| BSD | 189 |
| BSP | 189 |
| building-block services | 189 |
| Building-centric Local Exchange Carrier (BLEC) | 190 |
| built-in account | 191 |
| built-in domain local group | 192 |
| built-in global group | 192 |
| built-in group | 192 |
| built-in identities | 193 |
| burst | 193 |
| bus | 193 |
| business logic | 195 |
| business-to-business | 195 |
| business-to-consumer | 195 |
| bus topology | 195 |
