| Introduction | xvii |
| PART I QUICK START | |
| 1 Simple Sample | 3 |
| Basics of the Common Language Runtime | 4 |
| A Simple Sample | 8 |
| Program Header | 9 |
| Class Declaration | 10 |
| Field Declaration | 13 |
| Method Declaration | 14 |
| Global Items | 19 |
| Mapped Fields | 21 |
| Data Declaration | 22 |
| Value Type as Placeholder | 22 |
| Calling Unmanaged Code | 23 |
| Forward Declaration of Classes | 25 |
| Summary | 26 |
| 2 Enhancing the Code | 27 |
| Code Retention | 27 |
| Protecting the Code | 30 |
| Summary | 36 |
| PART II UNDERLYING STRUCTURES | |
| 3 The Structure of a Managed Executable File | 39 |
| PE/COFF Headers | 41 |
| MS-DOS Stub and PE Signature | 42 |
| COFF Header | 42 |
| PE Header | 47 |
| Section Headers | 53 |
| Common Language Runtime Header | 56 |
| Header Structure | 56 |
| Flags Field | 58 |
| EntryPointToken Field | 59 |
| VTableFixups Field | 60 |
| StrongNameSignature Field | 61 |
| Relocation Section | 61 |
| Text Section | 63 |
| Data Sections | 65 |
| Data Constants | 65 |
| V-Table | 66 |
| Unmanaged Export Table | 66 |
| Thread Local Storage | 68 |
| Resources | 70 |
| Unmanaged Resources | 70 |
| Managed Resources | 72 |
| Summary | 73 |
| 4 Metadata Tables Organization | 75 |
| What Is Metadata? | 75 |
| Heaps and Tables | 78 |
| Heaps | 78 |
| General Metadata Header | 79 |
| Metadata Table Streams | 82 |
| RIDs and Tokens | 87 |
| RIDs | 87 |
| Tokens | 87 |
| Coded Tokens | 89 |
| Metadata Validation | 93 |
| Summary | 94 |
| PART III FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS | |
| 5 Modules and Assemblies | 97 |
| What Is an Assembly? | 97 |
| Private and Shared Assemblies | 98 |
| Application Domains as Logical Units of Execution | 99 |
| Manifest | 101 |
| Assembly Metadata Table and Declaration | 103 |
| AssemblyRef Metadata Table and Declaration | 104 |
| The Loader in Search of Assemblies | 107 |
| Module Metadata Table and Declaration | 109 |
| ModuleRef Metadata Table and Declaration | 110 |
| File Metadata Table and Declaration | 110 |
| Managed Resource Metadata and Declaration | 112 |
| ExportedType Metadata Table and Declaration | 115 |
| Order of Manifest Declarations in ILAsm | 117 |
| Single-Module and Multimodule Assemblies | 118 |
| Metadata Validity Rules | 119 |
| Assembly Table Validity Rules | 120 |
| AssemblyRef Table Validity Rules | 120 |
| Module Table Validity Rules | 121 |
| ModuleRef Table Validity Rules | 121 |
| File Table Validity Rules | 121 |
| ManifestResource Table Validity Rules | 122 |
| ExportedType Table Validity Rules | 122 |
| 6 Namespaces and Classes | 125 |
| Class Metadata | 127 |
| TypeDef Metadata Table | 128 |
| TypeRef Metadata Table | 129 |
| InterfaceImpl Metadata Table | 129 |
| NestedClass Metadata Table | 130 |
| ClassLayout Metadata Table | 130 |
| Namespace and Full Class Name | 130 |
| ILAsm Naming Conventions | 131 |
| Namespaces | 132 |
| Full Class Names | 133 |
| Class Attributes | 135 |
| Flags | 135 |
| Class References | 138 |
| Parent of the Type | 138 |
| Interface Implementations | 139 |
| Class Layout Information | 140 |
| Interfaces | 140 |
| Value Types | 141 |
| Boxed and Unboxed Values | 142 |
| Instance Members of Value Types | 142 |
| Derivation of Value Types | 143 |
| Enumerators | 143 |
| Delegates | 144 |
| Nested Types | 147 |
| Class Augmentation | 149 |
| Metadata Validity Rules | 151 |
| TypeDef Table Validity Rules | 151 |
| Enumerator-Specific Validity Rules | 152 |
| TypeRef Table Validity Rules | 153 |
| InterfaceImpl Table Validity Rules | 153 |
| NestedClass Table Validity Rules | 154 |
| ClassLayout Table Validity Rules | 154 |
| 7 Primitive Types and Signatures | 155 |
| Primitive Types in the Common Language Runtime | 155 |
| Primitive Data Types | 156 |
| Data Pointer Types | 157 |
| Function Pointer Types | 160 |
| Vectors and Arrays | 160 |
| Modifiers | 162 |
| Native Types | 165 |
| Variant Types | 168 |
| Representing Classes in Signatures | 170 |
| Signatures | 171 |
| Calling Conventions | 171 |
| Field Signatures | 172 |
| Method and Property Signatures | 173 |
| MemberRef Signatures | 174 |
| Indirect Call Signatures | 174 |
| Local Variables Signatures | 175 |
| Type Specifications | 175 |
| Signature Validity Rules | 176 |
| 8 Fields and Data Constants | 179 |
| Field Metadata | 180 |
| Instance and Static Fields | 184 |
| Default Values | 184 |
| Mapped Fields | 187 |
| Data Constants Declaration | 189 |
| Explicit Layouts and Union Declaration | 191 |
| Global Fields | 194 |
| Constructors vs. Data Constants | 195 |
| Metadata Validity Rules | 198 |
| Field Table Validity Rules | 198 |
| FieldLayout Table Validity Rules | 199 |
| FieldRVA Table Validity Rules | 199 |
| FieldMarshal Table Validity Rules | 199 |
| Constant Table Validity Rules | 200 |
| MemberRef Table Validity Rules | 200 |
| 9 Methods | 201 |
| Method Metadata | 202 |
| Method Table Record Entries | 202 |
| Method Flags | 204 |
| Method Name | 206 |
| Method Implementation Flags | 207 |
| Method Parameters | 208 |
| Referencing the Methods | 210 |
| Method Implementation Metadata | 211 |
| Static, Instance, Virtual Methods | 212 |
| Explicit Method Overriding | 216 |
| Method Header Attributes | 220 |
| Local Variables | 221 |
| Class Constructors | 224 |
| Instance Constructors | 224 |
| Instance Finalizers | 226 |
| Variable Argument Lists | 227 |
| Global Methods | 229 |
| Metadata Validity Rules | 230 |
| Method Table Validity Rules | 230 |
| Param Table Validity Rules | 232 |
| MethodImpl Table Validity Rules | 233 |
| PART IV INSIDE THE EXECUTION ENGINE | |
| 10 IL Instructions | 237 |
| Long-Parameter and Short-Parameter Instructions | 239 |
| Labels and Flow Control Instructions | 239 |
| Unconditional Branching Instructions | 239 |
| Conditional Branching Instructions | 240 |
| Comparative Branching Instructions | 240 |
| The switch Instruction | 242 |
| The break Instruction | 243 |
| SEH Block Exiting Instructions | 243 |
| SEH Block Ending Instructions | 243 |
| The ret Instruction | 244 |
| Arithmetical Instructions | 244 |
| Stack Manipulation | 244 |
| Constant Loading | 245 |
| Indirect Loading | 246 |
| Indirect Storing | 246 |
| Arithmetical Operations | 247 |
| Overflow Arithmetical Operations | 248 |
| Bitwise Operations | 249 |
| Shift Operations | 250 |
| Conversion Operations | 250 |
| Overflow Conversion Operations | 251 |
| Logical Condition Check Operations | 252 |
| Block Operations | 253 |
| Addressing Arguments and Local Variables | 254 |
| Method Argument Loading | 254 |
| Method Argument Address Loading | 254 |
| Method Argument Storing | 255 |
| Method Argument List | 255 |
| Local Variable Loading | 255 |
| Local Variable Reference Loading | 256 |
| Local Variable Storing | 256 |
| Local Block Allocation | 256 |
| Prefix Instructions | 257 |
| Addressing Fields | 257 |
| Calling Methods | 258 |
| Direct Calls | 259 |
| Indirect Calls | 260 |
| Tail Calls | 261 |
| Addressing Classes and Value Types | 261 |
| Vector Instructions | 265 |
| Vector Creation | 265 |
| Element Address Loading | 266 |
| Element Loading | 266 |
| Element Storing | 267 |
| Code Verifiability | 268 |
| 11 Structured Exception Handling | 271 |
| SEH Clause Internal Representation | 272 |
| Types of SEH Clauses | 274 |
| Label Form of SEH Clause Declaration | 275 |
| Scope Form of SEH Clause Declaration | 278 |
| Processing the Exceptions | 281 |
| Exception Types | 283 |
| Loader Exceptions | 283 |
| JIT Compiler Exceptions | 284 |
| Execution Engine Exceptions | 284 |
| Interoperability Exceptions | 286 |
| Subclassing the Exceptions | 286 |
| Unmanaged Exception Mapping | 287 |
| SEH Clause Structuring Rules | 287 |
| PART V SPECIAL COMPONENTS | |
| 12 Events and Properties | 291 |
| Events and Delegates | 291 |
| Event Metadata | 294 |
| The Event Table | 295 |
| The EventMap Table | 296 |
| The MethodSemantics Table | 296 |
| Event Declaration | 297 |
| Property Metadata | 300 |
| The Property Table | 301 |
| The PropertyMap Table | 302 |
| Property Declaration | 302 |
| Metadata Validity Rules | 304 |
| Event Table Validity Rules | 304 |
| EventMap Table Validity Rules | 304 |
| Property Table Validity Rules | 304 |
| PropertyMap Table Validity Rules | 305 |
| MethodSemantics Table Validity Rules | 305 |
| 13 Custom Attributes | 307 |
| Concept of a Custom Attribute | 308 |
| CustomAttribute Metadata Table | 309 |
| Custom Attribute Value Encoding | 310 |
| Custom Attribute Declaration | 312 |
| Classification of Custom Attributes | 315 |
| Execution Engine and JIT Compiler | 317 |
| Interoperation Subsystem | 318 |
| Security | 320 |
| Remoting Subsystem | 322 |
| Visual Studio .NET Debugger | 323 |
| Assembly Linker | 323 |
| Common Language Specification (CLS) Compliance | 325 |
| Pseudocustom Attributes | 325 |
| Metadata Validity Rules | 327 |
| 14 Security Attributes | 329 |
| Declarative Security | 330 |
| Declarative Actions | 331 |
| Security Permissions | 333 |
| Access Permissions | 333 |
| Identity Permissions | 338 |
| Custom Permissions | 340 |
| Permission Sets | 343 |
| Declarative Security Metadata | 343 |
| Security Attribute Declaration | 345 |
| Metadata Validity Rules | 346 |
| PART VI INTEROPERATION | |
| 15 Managed and Unmanaged Code Interoperation | 349 |
| Thunks and Wrappers | 350 |
| P/Invoke Thunks | 351 |
| Implementation Map Metadata and Validity Rules | 353 |
| IJW Thunks | 353 |
| COM Callable Wrappers | 354 |
| Runtime Callable Wrappers | 355 |
| Data Marshaling | 357 |
| Blittable Types | 358 |
| In/Out Parameters | 358 |
| String Marshaling | 359 |
| Object Marshaling | 361 |
| Class Marshaling | 363 |
| Array Marshaling | 363 |
| Delegate Marshaling | 364 |
| Providing Managed Methods as Callback for Unmanaged | 365 |
| Managed Methods as Unmanaged Exports | 369 |
| 16 Multilanguage Projects | 377 |
| IL Disassembler | 378 |
| Principles of Round-Tripping | 383 |
| Creative Round-Tripping | 384 |
| Using Class Augmentation | 385 |
| Module Linking Through Round-Tripping | 386 |
| Compiling in Debug Mode | 388 |
| APPENDIXES | |
| A IL Assembler Grammar Reference | 393 |
| Lexical Tokens | 393 |
| Data Type Nonterminals | 393 |
| Identifier Nonterminals | 394 |
| Module-Level Declarations | 394 |
| External Source Declarations | 394 |
| V-Table Fixup Declaration | 395 |
| Namespace and Type Declarations | 395 |
| Signature Type Specifications | 396 |
| Native Type Declarations | 397 |
| Field Declarations | 399 |
| Data Declarations | 400 |
| Method Header Declarations | 401 |
| Method Body Declarations | 402 |
| Event Declarations | 404 |
| Property Declarations | 405 |
| Custom Attribute Declarations | 405 |
| Security Declarations | 406 |
| Manifest Declarations | 406 |
| B Metadata Tables Reference | 409 |
| C IL Instruction Set Reference | 421 |
| D IL Assembler and Disassembler Command-Line Options | 429 |
| IL Assembler | 429 |
| IL Disassembler | 431 |
| Options for Output Redirection | 431 |
| ILSAsm Code Formatting Options (PE Files Only) | 431 |
| Options for File Output (PE Files Only) | 432 |
| Options for File or Console Output (PE Files Only) | 432 |
| Metadata Summary Option | 433 |
| E Offline Verification Tool Reference | 435 |
| Error Codes and Messages | 437 |
| INDEX | 453 |
