// This file includes sentences from a number of sources, listed below, and sentences found in freely occurring text, as well as 
// sentences sent to us as personal communication.
// For all of these sentences, the Logical Form component of NLPwin produces an analysis that has been marked as "gold annotation".
//
// Sources include:
// Dan Flickinger and John Nerbonne. 1992. Inheritance and Complementation. In Computational Linguistics, Vol 18, Number 3.
// Coy C. Day, Jr. 1989. Filling Gaps in Declarative Sentences. Report for University of Texas, AI Laboratory, Dept of Computer Sciences.
// Claudia Leacock and Ray C. Dougherty.  Lexical Structures and Parser Strategies, Define the Subject of an Infinitive. 
// Gerald Gazdar. 1981. The Analysis of Unbounded Dependencies. Linguistic Inquiry, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Spring, 1981)
// Anthony Kroch. article from Mathematics of Language - precise reference yet to be added
 
// various control structure sentences
Chris prefers for Pat to eat the apple.
Chris prefers Pat to eat the apple.
Pat is preferred by Chris to eat the apple.
For Pat to eat the apple is preferred by Chris.
Chris prefers there to be a test.
Chris prefers the doctor to examine Pat.
Chris prefers Pat to be examined by the doctor.
Chris persuaded Pat to eat the apple.
Pat was persuaded by Chris to eat the apple.
For Pat to eat the apple was persuaded by Chris.
Chris persuaded there to be a test.
Chris persuaded the doctor to examine Pat.
Chris persuaded Pat to be examined by the doctor.
Chris promised the doctor to examine Pat.
Chris promised Pat to be examined by the doctor.
Chris promised Pat to eat the apple.
Pat was promised by Chris to eat the apple.
For Pat to eat the apple was promised by Chris.
Chris promised there to be a test.
Chris believes Pat to have taken the test.
Pat was believed by Chris to have taken the test.
For Pat to have taken the test was believed by Chris.
Chris believed there to be a test.
Chris believes the doctor to be examining Pat.
Chris believes Pat to be being examined by the doctor.
Chris happened to take the test.
It happened that Chris took the test.
I persuaded him that I would like to hear the disk.
I promised him I would like to hear the disk.
Pat is eager to please.
Pat is eager to please Chris.
Pat is eager to be pleased by Chris.
To please Pat is easy.
Pat is easy  to please.
It is easy to please Pat.
Pat is easy for Chris to please.
It is easy for Chris to please Pat.
Who did you say is easy for Chris to please?
I persuaded him to be eager to please.
I promised him to be eager to please.
I persuaded him to be easy to please.
I promised him to be easy to please.
I want you to promise  me to be eager to please.
I want you to promise  me to be easy  to please.
I want you to persuade me to be eager to please.
I want you to persuade me to be easy  to please.
I want you to promise me that it will be easy to please you.
The record to be put on the machine is here.
The record for you to play later is here.
The man to play the record later is here.
I included the record to be played later.
I want for the disk to be easy to play.
A storm seems to be brewing.
There seems to be a storm brewing.
The student seems to be healthy.
There seems to be a healthy student.
It's a pleasure to meet you.
You are a pleasure to meet.
It's pleasant to meet you.
You are pleasant to meet.
It's on the cards that you will be easy to please.
That you will be easy to please is on the cards.
It doesn't matter what you do.
What you do doesn't matter.
It surprised me to hear him say that.
To hear him say that surprised me.
It makes her happy to see others enjoy themselves.
To see others enjoying themselves makes her happy.
It is believed that the earth revolves around the sun.
That the earth revolves around the sun is believed.
It was considered funny for us to say that.
For us to say that was considered funny.
Where does Pat prefer  Chris to go?
Where does Pat promise Chris to go?
Which store does Pat prefer  Chris to go to?
Which store does Pat promise Chris to go to?
To which store does Pat prefer  Chris to go?
To which store does Pat promise Chris to go?
Who is preferred by Pat to go to the store?
Who is promised  by Pat to go to the store?
Who did Pat think that Chris believed?
who did Pat think that Chris wrote?
It is Pat who prefers Chris to go to the store.
It is Pat who promises Chris to go to the store.
It is Pat who prefers for Chris to go to the store.
It is Pat who promises for Chris to go to the store.
It is Pat who prefers that Chris go to the store.
It is Pat who promises that Chris will go to the store.
It is that man he'll give the book to.
The store is what Pat promises Chris to go to.
To go to the store is what Pat prefers.
For Chris to go to the store is what Pat prefers.
What Pat prefers is for Chris to go to the store.
That Chris should go to the store is what Pat prefers.
Pat promises Chris the time to go to the store.
Pat promises Chris a reward to go to the store.
Pat promises Chris the time for going to the store.
Pat promises Chris a reward for going to the store.
Which car do you want to win?
Which car do you want to win in the contest?
Which car do you want to win in the lottery?
Which car do you want to win in the race?
//un-categorized sentences 
He was good enough to advise me.
I am sure you understand why.
On the mountain climbed a man.
You are hungry.
Are you hungry?
We would have arrested him, if you had done that.
That's right; we are like him.
Chris was seen before Pat was.
Because the book is empty, it can't be read.
It is useful in determining the things and in detecting the other things.
The bigger they are, the harder they fall.
He gave his opponent a moment to draw his breath.
I appreciate your interest in pursuing the opportunities.
We want the data to predict something.
We use the data to predict something.
It means leaving things.
What he wants seems to be understood.
//various control structures
It is clear what to do.
He is clear what to do.
The problem is how to find a solution.
It is important to win.
It is difficult to win.
He is certain to win.
He is important to win.
He is difficult to win.
She is pleasant to teach.
The kids were tired after having run around.
Who does it discourage that the man passes without studying?
Who does it discourage for Chris to pass without studying?
He mentioned the man's passing without studying.
Include the wood that he used to smoke it.
I am proud of what you are doing.
I mentioned the town in which I was born.
I know who does it.
Who did Bob give the book to?
It matters for him to go there.
They found the book to be interesting.
It was desired for me to have the experience.
There is a tendency for him to excuse himself.
The story of how a butterfly grows and changes is amazing.
Some people were convinced that IBM would do it.
It remains to be seen what you will do.
Promise me to do your homework.
Chris expects Pat to win.
Pat is expected to win.
Chris is believed to be right.
Pat is known to be honest.
It is expected that Pat will win.
The book was given him.
He was given the book.
They were convinced that he was here.
John wrote and tried to sell a song.
Sitting by the shore and watching the tide, John completed the story.
It is tough to be pleased by Chris.
Who do you want meeting you?
Who did Chris speak to?
Who did you ask to schedule the meeting?
Who did you promise to give the book to tomorrow?
This is the book which Chris wants to give Pat.
She is a pleasure to teach.
She is a pleasure for me to teach.
It was a joy for him to go there.
I know for whom that was intended.
It is a room or building where goods and food are regularly kept and stored.
It is a fine thread which is produced by a kind of insect (silkworm) and made into thread for sewing and into cloth.
Tom found a book to give to Mary.
// from Flickinger and Nerbonne, "Inheritance and Complementation"
For the dogs, it's easiest to feed them at noon.
It's easiest for the dogs to be chained up all day.
Bill was great to work for.
For me, Bill was easy to talk to.
Disneyland is pretty for children to look at.
It is unnecessary for Mary to fire Bill.
For Mary, it is unnecessary to fire Bill.
For us, Nureyev is a pleasure to watch.
It would be a mistake to fire Bill.
It was a shock to find Bill here.
For me to stay another day would be a real pleasure.
It would be a real pleasure for me to stay another day.
It might be a disappointment for you to visit Venice now.
// A number of sentences are taken from Coy C. Day, Jr., "Filling Gaps in Declarative Sentences"
Their having finished early was a cause for celebration.
To talk to this person is good.
It is good to talk to this person.
This person is good to talk to.
A storm is coming.
There is a storm coming.
A storm seems to be coming.
It seems that there is a storm coming.
It is raining.
It seems to be raining.
That you come is important.
It is important that you come.
It is important for you to come.
Go into the closet and under the bed.
Can you tell me how long the ride will be?
Should you have a problem, please call us.
They started the attack and still no one moved.
That's the place where she was born.
The first record we have of its study is found in a manuscript written by Ahmes, an Egyptian scholar, about 4000 A.D.
He is believed to be right.
That is the area from which it came.
He returned the markers that he borrowed.
She likes children who behave nicely.
The woman wearing a sweater plays in the band.
She is the woman whose book I borrowed.
The doctor said to take these three times a day.
He promised Mary to go to the store.
He killed three guards to escape.
The group lobbied Congress to get the lawmakers' attention.
He needs a place to sleep.
He gave Tom a place to sleep.
Chris decided to leave, thinking the party was over.
Pat punished the children for breaking the dishes.
Pat punished the children by reducing their allowances.
John sneezes when discussing cats.
Chris helps children when crossing the street.
Chris' riding his bike causes panic in the streets.
Riding a bike is fun.
She washed and rinsed the dishes.
He washed the glasses and rinsed the dishes.
The book was borrowed and returned by Chris.
Chris borrowed and returned the book.
Who did Chris speak to?
This is the article that Chris wrote.
This is the man that Chris wrote.
Chris is certain to win.
It is certain that Chris will win.
Pat plays the piano to please her mother.
Pat plays to please her mother.
Who did John say kissed Mary?
Who did John say Mary kissed?
This is the man John said kissed Mary.
This is the man who John said kissed Mary.
This is the man John said Mary kissed.
Chris is an old and valued friend.
Pat is smart and funny.
Chris and Pat are smart and funny.
Who does Chris think is competent?
Who does Chris expect to seem competent?
Who expects Pat to seem competent?
Chris wants to be rich and famous.
Chris is certain to be happy.
Pat wants to seem to be competent and punctual.
This is the book Chris claims is interesting.
This book was borrowed and later returned.
This book was written up in the NYT.
This book was discussed and then written up.
This is the book which John said was borrowed and returned.
Which book did John say was borrowed and returned?
This is the book that Chris said that Pat reviewed.
This is the book that Chris said that Pat read and reviewed.
This is the book Chris said Pat read and reviewed.
This is the girl who wants to return.
Which book did Chris borrow and write about?
Which book did Chris say that Pat borrowed and wrote about?
Which book does Chris want to return?
Which book does Chris want Pat to return?
Who do you want to give the book to tomorrow?
She locked the door and left quietly.
Chris swims in cold rivers and streams.
Chris prefers rivers and streams in Maine.
American rivers and Canadian streams are beautiful.
Green rivers and streams in America are beautiful.
America's green rivers and clear streams are beautiful.
//  Pronoun Anaphora
He danced after Chris sang.
Chris danced after he sang.
After he sang, Chris danced.
After Chris sang, he danced.
He likes John's mother.
John likes his mother.
John's mother likes him.
His parents want to help John very much.
He firmly believes that George is a genius.
Who did he say that John kissed?
John kissed who, did he say?
John wrote about this man, he said.
John wants to help him.
John wants to help himself.
Mary sat near her.
To her, I spoke in Mary's office.
His portrait of John is amusing.
John's portrait of him is amusing.
John's portrait of himself is amusing.
Chris expected Pat to impress him.
Who did John say wanted to try to find him?
Who did John say wanted to try to find himself?
People who know Mary like her.
People who know her like Mary.
How obnoxious to his friends Ben is.
How obnoxious to Ben's friends he is.
Fond of his wife though Ben is, I like her even more.
Fond of Ben's wife though he is, I like her even more.
The gossip about him upset John's wife.
For Ben's car, he's asking three grand.
Ben's problems, he won't talk about.
Ben's problems, you can't talk to him about.
You can't talk to him about Ben's problems.
In John's picture of Mary, she is riding a horse.
In John's home town, he is still most highly regarded.
John is highly regarded in his home town.
In John's home town, he spends his most pleasant hours.
In John's office, he placed his new brass bed.
With Mary's new job, she'll make a lot of money.
With Mary's peacock feather, she tickles people.
The geological age of the cave filling can be broadly estimated, and it belongs to the Middle Pleistocene.
//  VP Anaphora
Steve bought the book because we did.
Because we bought the book, so did Steve.
John ate his sandwich and Peter did too.
John ate his sandwich, although Peter wanted to.
Although Peter didn't, John ate his sandwich.
The government wants his freedom, and so does John.
If requested to do so, authors will supply final copies of their papers.
The ball that is was hit by John.
Chris prevented Pat from doing that.
I remember the best trip that I ever had.
I was taught to do so.
John liked every person who did that.
John liked every person that Mary did.
John liked every job that Mary did.
John arrived before Mary believed Bill did.
John believes Chris arrived before he did.
The University gives more money to the library for books than the city does to the orchestra for instruments.
Mary arrived in London before John did in New York.
John arrived in New York, and Bill did too.
Mary spoke to Peter, and John said that Bill will too.
Mary spoke to Max, but Sam won't to Lucy.
John arrived today, and Bill did yesterday.
Mary reads quickly, but Bill does slowly.
Chris spoke after Mary, and Pat will before Lucy.
John read every book which Bill did.
John read every book which Mary said that Bill might have.
Chris will succeed more frequently than Pat could have.
Chris writes more letters to Pat than John does to Mary.
Chris writes more letters to Pat than John does.
John arrived with him, and Pat said that Bill may have too.
John talked about himself, and Bill did too.
Fond of his wife though Ben is, I like her even more.
We'll just have to hire him, whether John likes it or not.
He wanted to leave, as did I.
It is these very novels that Pat enjoyed reading.
There's people involved that he wants to keep their privacy intact.
I don't want to produce presentations that I'm the only one that can watch.
// Violations of Subjacency:  (see Kroch in MOL)
Who did you wonder why she kissed?
Who did she hit the dog that chased?
// Problems with Subjacency:  (see Kroch in MOL, pp. 159-60)
Which problem do you know how you're going to solve?
// More from Kroch in MOL:
Who did you say was coming?
John told Sam who Bill invited.
Who did John tell Sam that Bill invited?
Which painting did you see a copy of?
Which painting did you see a photograph of a copy of?
// Gazdar et al., "The Analysis of Unbounded Dependencies", pp. 137-168:
Sandy, Kim wants to give Fido to.
That book, they published 5 reviews of.
Chris said that Max, Joan would never be willing to marry.
The inspector explained that each part he had examined carefully.
How difficult do you think this problem will be for the students to solve?
This problem was difficult for us to invent and for the students to solve.
For which students will this problem be difficult to solve?
The doctor whose book Sandy had read gave a lecture.
Sandy wondered to which party Leslie was going.
Sandy wondered how expensive the wine was.
// Claudia Leacock, "Lexical Structures and Parser Strategies" (defining subjects of INFCLs):
Mary told John how to save himself.
Mary promised Bill to save herself.
Mary persuaded Bill to save herself.
Mary promised Bill to save himself.
Mary persuaded Bill to save himself.
Mary shouted to Bill to make up his mind.
Mary swore to Bill to make up his mind.
Mary explained to Bill how to avail himself of the opportunity.
Mary learned from Bill how to avail herself of the opportunity.
Mary asked Bill to behave himself.
Mary asked Bill when to behave himself.
Mary asked Bill when to behave herself.
Mary learned from Bill to behave herself in public.
It is essential to leave early.
John told Mary that it would be impossible to leave early.
To put the book on the shelf is difficult.
John told Mary that it is unclear how to leave early.
The wallpaper is expected to turn yellow.
The wallpaper appeared to be turning yellow.
Mary started to eat lunch.
Mary stopped to eat lunch.
Chris asked Pat what to eat.
Chris told Pat what to eat.
Bill asked Mary to put the book on the table.
Who did Bill ask to put the book on the table?
Who did Bill ask to talk to himself?
Mary learned from Bill how to behave herself.
Mary learned from Bill how to behave himself.
Mary learned from Bill how to behave oneself.
Mary explained to Bill how to behave himself.
Mary explained to Bill how to behave oneself.
// from email by Rick Wojcik:
How interested are you in solving the problem?
How eager is John to visit his grandmother?
I know how eager John is to visit his grandmother.
Who do you know from Arkansas?
When, precisely, did he arrive in 1963?
// Others:
Let Cathy or I know if you have any questions.
See the picture above.
She kicked the boy.
The main difficulty remained.
The main and most difficult problem remained.
The main, most difficult problem remained.
The main most difficult problem remained.
Atomic scientists discovered that.
He shortened the trouser leg.
I like the president elect.
It happened three years ago.
He is three years old.
She is asleep.
She was abroad.
The meeting was yesterday.
We paused.
We smoked. 
The bridge blew up.
They came.
Give the boy a book. 
Tell the boy the truth. 
Give the book to the boy.
It cost me five dollars.
They considered him their enemy.  
They considered him a fool.
He would never dare come.
This stick helps him walk.
I helped her clean the windows. 
The pain made him cry out. 
I saw the man leave.
She is an easy person to please.  
He was anxious to please his guests.
He made an attempt to climb the mountain.		
John is eager to please.
He lived to be 90.
The difficulty is to know what to do.
He had a yen to be alone.
The boy burned with curiosity to know what was in the letter.
I want to go.
He had the qualifications to do the job.
There is some reason to believe it.
I want him to go.                 
I asked the man to do it.
Tell the boy to do it.
She came running.
I wrote asking for his help.
They enjoyed singing.
They enjoyed singing the song.
He watched mother cooking the dinner.
He warned her that he would come.
He warned her he would come.
He was sure she knew.
He was sure that she knew.
It appears she will win.
It appears that she will win.
She grizzled  she would win.
She grizzled that she would win.
He wailed that he lost.
He wailed he lost. 
They voted that the school should continue.
They voted the school should continue. 
She has a feeling that he'll come.
She has a feeling he'll come.
I know that he'll come. 
I know  he'll come.
I had thought that he'd come.          
I had thought he'd come.                                                 
He had a sense that someone was standing behind him.
Is there proof that he is here?                  
Is there proof  he is here?
Is there anticipation that he is coming?   
Is there anticipation he is coming?
Is there awareness that he is coming?      
Is there awareness he is coming?   
Is there an assertion that he is coming? 
Is there an assertion he is coming?
The reason why he came was clear.  
I have no notion of why this happened. 
Tell me who should go.
Tell me where to go.
I am not sure where I should go. 
She became famous.  
The food got cold.
They considered him dead.
I am aware how you must feel.
I am puzzled what to do next.
Smoking is not permitted.
He got trapped. 
She is politically aware. 
She lives here. 
She had great powers of memory.  
the third International started.
She has a fine intelligence.
// command and control sentences
I'd like to do a demo.
Don't play the newest disk.
The CD that I want is the newest one.
The CD I want is the newest one.
The CD you were playing yesterday is what I want to hear today.
The CD you were playing yesterday is the one I want.
I want the CD that you were playing yesterday.
The CD played by you today is the newest one.
The CD that is being played by you today is the newest one.
The CD playing today is the newest one.