{"id":1075989,"date":"2024-04-11T11:11:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-11T18:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-blog-post&#038;p=1075989"},"modified":"2024-09-25T04:16:48","modified_gmt":"2024-09-25T11:16:48","slug":"value-compass","status":"publish","type":"msr-blog-post","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/articles\/value-compass\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7f57\u76d8\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u7ecf\u9010\u6b65\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1f\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7f57\u76d8\uff08Value Compass\uff09\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4ece\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u501f\u9274\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u5bf9\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u8bc4\u6d4b\u548c\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u8bba\u7684 BaseAlign \u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e24\u5927\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08scaling law\uff09\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08emergent abilities\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6570\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u5343\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5bb3\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u98ce\u9669\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08emergent risks\uff09[1]\uff0c\u5373\u968f\u7740\u6a21\u578b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u672a\u66fe\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u589e\u52a0\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u53cd\u5c3a\u5ea6\u73b0\u8c61\uff08inverse scaling\uff09[2]\uff0c\u5373\u968f\u7740\u6a21\u578b\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u98ce\u9669\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u6076\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7528\u4e8e\u6d88\u9664\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u7279\u5b9a\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 debiasing\u3001detoxicification \u7b49\uff09\u6548\u679c\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31\u751a\u81f3\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u5bf9\u968f\u7740\u98ce\u9669\u800c\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4f7f\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u751a\u81f3\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u5bf9\u9f50\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u9f50\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 Norbert Wiener \u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u704c\u8f93\u7ed9\u673a\u5668\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\uff08We had better to be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7f57\u76d8\uff08Value Compass\uff09\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4ece\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6240\u5960\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u9879\u76ee\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff08What to align with?\uff09\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1f\uff08How to align?\uff09\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68b3\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Value Compass \u9879\u76ee\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/valuecompass.github.io\">https:\/\/valuecompass.github.io<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u51b3\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u5907\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff08clarity\uff09\u3001\u9002\u914d\u6027\uff08adaptability\uff09\u548c\u900f\u660e\u6027\uff08transparency\uff09\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 BaseAlign\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u56db\u5c42\u76ee\u6807\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u56db\u5c42\u76ee\u6807<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e AI \u9886\u57df\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u535a\u5f08\u95ee\u9898\uff08specification problem\uff09[3]\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff08how do we define the purpose we desire from AI\uff09?\u201d\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6599\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u804a\u5929\u673a\u5668\u4eba\uff08chatbot\uff09\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u4eba\u7c7b\u6307\u4ee4\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4eba\u7c7b\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u804a\u5929\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa\u8fb1\u9a82\u6027\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u201c\u907f\u514d\u8f93\u51fa\u6709\u5bb3\u8a00\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u9f50\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5bf9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u5c1a\u65e0\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u4e3a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6 Robert Mills Gagne\uff08\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u52a0\u6d85\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e60\u5c42\u6b21\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u7531\u6d45\u5230\u6df1\u5206\u4e3a\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1781\" height=\"799\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-1.png\" alt=\"Value Compass | infographic\" class=\"wp-image-1076004\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-1.png 1781w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-1-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-1-1024x459.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-1-768x345.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-1-1536x689.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-1-240x108.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1781px) 100vw, 1781px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe1\uff1a\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4e0e Robert Mills Gagne \u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e60\u5c42\u6b21\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6307\u4ee4\uff08Human Instructions\uff09\uff1a\u8ba9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6307\u4ee4\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u9501\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u9075\u5faa\u6307\u4ee4\u505a\u51fa\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u4e0e\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec Flan-T5\uff0cSelf-Instruct\u3001Alpaca \u7b49\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a<\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa>\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7763\u5f0f\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\uff08Human Preferences\uff09\uff1a\u8ba9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u9075\u5faa\u6307\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91c7\u7528\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4eba\u7c7b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6d88\u9664\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u4eba\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u5206\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u9690\u5f0f\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6db5\u76d6\u56de\u590d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5bb3\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u663e\u793a\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u504f\u597d\u51c6\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u73b0\u6709\u5bf9\u9f50\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec InstructGPT\u3001SafeRLHF\u3001HH-RLHF \u7b49\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7763\u5f0f\u5fae\u8c03\u6216\u8005 RLHF\uff08reinforcement learning from human feedback, RLHF\uff09\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u51c6\u5219\uff08Value Principles\uff09\uff1a\u8ba9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4ef7\u503c\u51c6\u5219\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa\u6709\u5bb3\u8a00\u8bba\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u504f\u597d\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u7684\u9690\u5f0f\u53cd\u9988\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u548c\u53ef\u6cdb\u5316\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u5de5\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec Constitutional AI\uff0cSELF-ALIGN\uff0cPALMS \u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ef7\u503c\u51c6\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5fae\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff08Basic Values\uff09\uff1a\u8ba9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5206\u5e03\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u81ea\u4eba\u6587\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u9700\u8981\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u4ef7\u503c\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8bd5\u56fe\u5173\u6ce8\u66f4\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u9002\u914d\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u8868\u793a\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u9002\u914d\u6027\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u201c\u704c\u8f93\u201d\u7ed9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u80fd\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u591a\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u6539\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\uff1a<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2308.12014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">From Instruction to Basic Human Values: A Survey of Alignment Goals for Big Models<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u4e09\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u603b\u7ed3\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u4e09\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3001\u6548\u7387\u3001\u6cdb\u5316\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u5982\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1430\" height=\"456\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-2.png\" alt=\"Value Compass | diagram\" class=\"wp-image-1076007\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-2.png 1430w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-2-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-2-1024x327.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-2-768x245.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-2-240x77.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1430px) 100vw, 1430px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe2\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>1. \u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback, RLHF\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a1) \u6536\u96c6\u4eba\u5de5\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u8f93\u5165-\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u6765\u5bf9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7763\u5f0f\u5fae\u8c03\uff1b2\uff09\u6536\u96c6\u4e0d\u540c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u56de\u590d\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4eba\u5de5\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc4\u5206\u6a21\u578b\uff08reward model\uff09; 3) \u5229\u7528\u8bc4\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u7ed9\u51fa\u5956\u52b1\u503c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5fae\u8c03\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u3002RLHF \u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3 InstructGPT\u3001ChatGPT \u7b49\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bc4\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u6027\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0 RLHF \u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"253\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-3-768x253-1.png\" alt=\"Value Compass | formula\" class=\"wp-image-1076010\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-3-768x253-1.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-3-768x253-1-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-3-768x253-1-240x79.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u4ef7\u503c\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6a21\u4eff\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u6570\u636e\u6807\u6ce8\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u6210\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 RLAIF \u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u6709\u6548\u7684\u79bb\u7ebf\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6d89\u53ca\u5f88\u591a\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u663e\u5b58\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. \u5168\u76d1\u7763\u5fae\u8c03\uff08Supervised Fine-tuning, SFT\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528 RLHF \u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4f9d\u8d56\u6a21\u4eff\u5b66\u4e60\u62df\u5408\u504f\u597d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u8d1f\u6837\u672c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u5982 SELF-INSTRUCT\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u53ea\u6709\u6b63\u6837\u672c\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 Chain of Hindsight\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5b66\u4e60\u62df\u5408\u6392\u5e8f\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f DPO\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u8bad\u7ec3\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u504f\u597d\u548c\u8bc4\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4 RLHF \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0cSFT \u7b97\u6cd5\u8bad\u7ec3\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3001\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u540c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u5feb\u6536\u655b\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u6a21\u4eff\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6cdb\u5316\u6027\u4e0d\u5982 RLHF\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. \u63a8\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u5bf9\u9f50\uff08Inference-Time Alignment\uff09\uff1a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5bf9 LLMs \u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee5 instructing \u6216\u540e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51cf\u5c11\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\u53c8\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\uff08In-context Learning\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee4\u9075\u5faa\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c06\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u8005 few-shot examples \u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u7ed9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6765\u7ea6\u675f\u5f53\u524d\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u89e3\u7801\u9636\u6bb5\u6216\u8005\u540e\u5904\u7406\u4fee\u6539\uff08Decoding-Time\/Poster-Processing Intervention\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u6bcf\u4e2a token \u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4ea6\u6216\u662f\u5bf9\u751f\u6210\u5b8c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u5904\u7406\u6539\u5199\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u539f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u5bf9\u9f50\u6548\u679c\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u7c7b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5373\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u6001\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u6001\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff1b\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5373\u8ba9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff08\u6839\u636e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u683c\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u610f\u89c1\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u5bf9\u9f50\u8303\u5f0f\u5747\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u9700\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u63d0\u5347 AI \u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7b26\u5408\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\uff1a<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2403.04204.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">On the Essence and Prospect: An Investigation of Alignment Approach<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\">\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u524d\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cd\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3001\u6cdb\u5316\u6027\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u4eca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u672a\u88ab\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff08Alignment Efficacy\uff09\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5c06\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u5f15\u5165\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6027\uff08Variability of Values\uff09\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0d\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e5f\u6570\u4e0d\u80dc\u6570\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5e76\u6cdb\u5316\u5230\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u95ee\u9898\uff08Data and Training Efficiency\uff09\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u51cf\u5c11\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u5bf9\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\uff08Interpretability of Alignment\uff09\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u6a21\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5176\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u9f50\u7a0e\u95ee\u9898\uff08Alignment Taxes\uff09\uff1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u5e73\u8861\u5bf9\u9f50\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u76d1\u7763\u95ee\u9898\uff08Scalable Oversight\uff09\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u9010\u6e10\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728 AI \u80fd\u529b\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u89c4\u8303\u535a\u5f08\uff08Specification Gaming\uff09\uff1a\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u8003\u8651\u66f4\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u573a\u666f\u5e76\u8bbe\u5b9a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u89c4\u8303\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5956\u52b1\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1542\" height=\"780\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-4.png\" alt=\"Value Compass | relationship diagram\" class=\"wp-image-1076013\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-4.png 1542w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-4-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-4-1024x518.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-4-768x388.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-4-1536x777.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-4-240x121.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1542px) 100vw, 1542px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe3\uff1a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u9f50\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u5907\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff08Clarity\uff09\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5e94\u8be5\u8868\u8fbe\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7c7b\u590d\u6742\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u5230\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u62df\u5408\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9002\u914d\u6027\uff08Adaptability\uff09\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9002\u914d\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u900f\u660e\u6027\uff08Transparency\uff09\uff1a\u5bf9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4f53\u7cfb\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u9f50\u524d\u540e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ca\u5176\u5e95\u5c42\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3001\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u672a\u77e5\u573a\u666f\u7684\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\uff1a<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2311.10766.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Value FULCRA\uff1aMapping Large Language Models to the Multidimensional Spectrum of Basic Human Values<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"basealign\u7b97\u6cd5-\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u9f50\">BaseAlign\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u9f50<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u5bf9\u9f50\u8def\u5f84\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u521d\u6b65\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 BaseAlign \u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u642d\u5efa\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7a7a\u95f4\">\u642d\u5efa\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5373\u5f52\u7eb3\u51fa\u5c11\u6570\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u503e\u5411\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u5f15\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7406\u60f3\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u5907\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u9002\u914d\u3001\u900f\u660e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u642d\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6 Shalom H.Schwartz\uff08\u8c22\u6d1b\u59c6\u00b7\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7406\u8bba\uff08Schwartz Theory of Basic Human Values\uff09\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7a7a\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08Basic Value Space\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u5206\u6790\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5982\u56fe4\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1777\" height=\"645\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-5.png\" alt=\"Value Compass | diagram\" class=\"wp-image-1076016\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-5.png 1777w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-5-300x109.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-5-1024x372.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-5-768x279.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-5-1536x558.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-5-240x87.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1777px) 100vw, 1777px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe4\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7a7a\u95f4\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5341\u4e2a\u4ef7\u503c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u5e94\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7ef4\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u666e\u904d\u9700\u6c42\u5f52\u7eb3\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u573a\u666f\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u8fa8\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u8986\u76d6\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u5e94\u9002\u914d\u6027\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u90fd\u662f\u666e\u9002\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\u548c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ef7\u503c\u4f53\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u5e94\u900f\u660e\u6027\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6790\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6216\u8005\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\u540c\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1629\" height=\"677\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-6.png\" alt=\"Value Compass | diagram\" class=\"wp-image-1076019\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-6.png 1629w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-6-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-6-1024x426.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-6-768x319.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-6-1536x638.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-6-240x100.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1629px) 100vw, 1629px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe5\uff1a\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5206\u6790\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u6784\u5efa\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6570\u636e\u96c6\">\u6784\u5efa\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u9009\u53d6\u4e86\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u6784\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e07\u4e2a\u201c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u5165-\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5411\u91cf\u201d\u5bf9\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u6807\u6ce8\u4e86\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7406\u8bba\u5404\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff08\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u65e0\u5173\u8054\u6216\u8005\u8fdd\u80cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5206\u6790\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u56fe5\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u80fd\u529b\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u9610\u660e\u98ce\u9669\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u539f\u56e0\u3002AI \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u754c\u7ebf\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u5168\uff08security\uff09\u3001\u9075\u5b88\uff08conformity\uff09\u7b49\u7ef4\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5176\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\u4ef7\u503c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u504f\u89c1\uff08bias\uff09\u548c\u6bd2\u6027\uff08toxicity\uff09\u7b49\u73b0\u6709\u98ce\u9669\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u80cc\u540e\u6307\u5411\u5171\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cdb\u5316\u7528\u4e8e\u8fa8\u522b\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u5408\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u7c7b\u578b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u88ab\u5217\u4e3e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u5b83\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"basealign\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5\">BaseAlign\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5224\u522b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc4\u4f30\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 BaseAlign \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba9\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u9f50\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u5c06\u5f85\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4ef7\u503c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5229\u7528\u5224\u522b\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u524d\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u6216\u8005\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u5c06\u624b\u52a8\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u65f6\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08security, conformity, universalism, benevolence\uff09\u548c\u80fd\u529b\uff08achievement\uff09\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0 BaseAlign \u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u660e\u663e\u4f18\u4e8e RLHF \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e14\u4ec5\u9700\u7ecf\u5178 RLHF \u7b97\u6cd5\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u56fe6\u6240\u793a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6b64\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u4ee5\u517c\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9f50\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u578b\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86 BaseAlign \u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u5bf9\u9f50\u591a\u5143\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1168\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-7.png\" alt=\"Value Compass | bar chart, waterfall chart\" class=\"wp-image-1076022\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-7.png 1168w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-7-300x92.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-7-1024x316.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-7-768x237.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-7-240x74.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1168px) 100vw, 1168px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"116\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-8.png\" alt=\"Value Compass | table\" class=\"wp-image-1076025\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-8.png 540w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-8-300x64.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/value-compass-8-240x52.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe6\uff1a\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u9f50\u7ed3\u679c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u6280\u672f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u8ddd\u79bb\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 Value Compass \u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u59cb\u7ec8\u575a\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u798f\u7949\u7ad9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1] Emergent abilities of large language models<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2206.07682\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2206.07682<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2] Inverse scaling: When bigger isn\u2019t better<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2306.09479\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2306.09479<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3] AI Safety Gridworlds<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1711.09883.pdf\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1711.09883.pdf<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u7ecf\u9010\u6b65\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1f\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7f57\u76d8\uff08Value Compass\uff09\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4ece\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u501f\u9274\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u5bf9\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u8bc4\u6d4b\u548c\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u8bba\u7684 BaseAlign \u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002 \u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e24\u5927\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08scaling law\uff09\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08emergent abilities\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6570\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u5343\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5bb3\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\u3002 \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u98ce\u9669\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08emergent risks\uff09[1]\uff0c\u5373\u968f\u7740\u6a21\u578b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5c0f\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u672a\u66fe\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u589e\u52a0\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u53cd\u5c3a\u5ea6\u73b0\u8c61\uff08inverse scaling\uff09[2]\uff0c\u5373\u968f\u7740\u6a21\u578b\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u98ce\u9669\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u6076\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7528\u4e8e\u6d88\u9664\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u7279\u5b9a\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 debiasing\u3001detoxicification \u7b49\uff09\u6548\u679c\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31\u751a\u81f3\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u5bf9\u968f\u7740\u98ce\u9669\u800c\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4f7f\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u504f\u597d\u751a\u81f3\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u5bf9\u9f50\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u9f50\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 Norbert Wiener \u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u704c\u8f93\u7ed9\u673a\u5668\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\uff08We had better to be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u3002 \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7f57\u76d8\uff08Value Compass\uff09\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4ece\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u89d2\u5ea6\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6240\u5960\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5185\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u9879\u76ee\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff08What to align with?\uff09\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1f\uff08How to align?\uff09\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68b3\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002 Value Compass \u9879\u76ee\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a https:\/\/valuecompass.github.io (opens in new tab) \u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u51b3\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5bf9\u9f50\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e94\u8be5\u5177\u5907\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff08clarity\uff09\u3001\u9002\u914d\u6027\uff08adaptability\uff09\u548c\u900f\u660e\u6027\uff08transparency\uff09\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4ef7\u503c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b97\u6cd5\u6846\u67b6 BaseAlign\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002 \u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e 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