{"id":1141033,"date":"2025-06-03T03:27:14","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T10:27:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-blog-post&#038;p=1141033"},"modified":"2025-08-21T23:54:13","modified_gmt":"2025-08-22T06:54:13","slug":"opa-dpo","status":"publish","type":"msr-blog-post","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/articles\/opa-dpo\/","title":{"rendered":"OPA-DPO\uff1a\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5e7b\u89c9\u96be\u9898\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e7b\u89c9\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u751a\u81f3\u865a\u5047\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u843d\u5730\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8054\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u4ece\u76f4\u63a5\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316\uff08DPO\uff09\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 On-Policy Alignment (OPA)-DPO \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u4fdd\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u7b56\u7565\uff08reference policy\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u5e7b\u89c9\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u6210\u679c\u5df2\u83b7\u9009\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u9886\u57df\u9876\u4f1a CVPR 2025 \u7684 Oral \u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u6709\u865a\u5047\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u201c\u5e7b\u89c9\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9f\u5f85\u653b\u514b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u96be\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316 (DPO) [1] \u6b63\u5728\u5f15\u8d77\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u63d0\u793a\u8bcd\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5e7b\u89c9\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u6784\u9020\u504f\u597d\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e DPO \u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e DPO \u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5e7b\u89c9\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u53ca\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5404\u7b97\u6cd5\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u201c\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e DPO \u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff08reference policy\uff09\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u540c\u7b56\u7565\uff08on-policy\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dpo-\u5e7b\u89c9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u66d9\u5149-\u8fd8\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6218\">DPO\uff1a\u5e7b\u89c9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u66d9\u5149\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u5c06\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u5e7b\u89c9\u6ce8\u5165\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982 HALVA [2]\u548c POVID [3]\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e3a\u6ce8\u5165\u5e7b\u89c9\u7247\u6bb5\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u662f\u5e7b\u89c9\u8bc6\u522b\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982 RLHF-V [4]\u3001HA-DPO [5]\u548c HSA-DPO [6]\uff0c\u5148\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u6839\u636e\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u63d0\u793a\u81ea\u884c\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5229\u7528\u4e13\u5bb6\u53cd\u9988\uff08\u4eba\u7c7b\u6216 GPT-4\/4v\uff09\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u8fdb\u5316\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982 RLAIF-V[7]\uff0c\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u63d0\u793a\u751f\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5e7b\u89c9\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u9762\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6784\u5efa\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-1-1024x506.png\" alt=\"graphical user interface, application\" class=\"wp-image-1141041\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-1-1024x506.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-1-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-1-768x380.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-1-240x119.png 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-1.png 1430w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe1\uff1a\u4e09\u7c7b\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u8fdb\u5316\u7c7b > \u5e7b\u89c9\u8bc6\u522b\u7c7b > \u5e7b\u89c9\u6ce8\u5165\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e7b\u89c9\u6ce8\u5165\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e7b\u89c9\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u6765\u81ea\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7 DPO \u8bad\u7ec3\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u6a21\u578b\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u5927\u589e\u76ca\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u8fdb\u5316\u7c7b\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7531\u4e8e\u7ef4\u5ea6\u707e\u96be\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u81ea\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u56de\u590d\u662f\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u56de\u590d\u4e2d\u7684\u987d\u56fa\u5e7b\u89c9\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d88\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e7b\u89c9\u8bc6\u522b\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u5e7b\u89c9\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5374\u8d25\u4e0b\u9635\u6765\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e86\u89e3\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u4ece DPO \u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u5165\u624b\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684 RLHF \u7b97\u6cd5 PPO \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u540c\uff0cDPO \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u76ee\u6807\u4e5f\u662f\uff08\u03c0_\u03b8 \u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u03c0_ref \u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7b56\u7565\/\u53c2\u8003\u7b56\u7565\uff0cx \u4e3a\u63d0\u793a\u8bcd\uff0cm \u4e3a\u56fe\u50cf\uff0cy \u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0cr(x,y,m) \u662f\u901a\u8fc7 Bradley-Terry model \u8bad\u7ec3\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"936\" height=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-2.png\" alt=\"formular\" class=\"wp-image-1141042\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-2.png 936w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-2-300x32.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-2-768x82.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-2-240x26.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 936px) 100vw, 936px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5373\u5728\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u6a21\u578b\u5f53\u524d\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u521d\u59cb\u7b56\u7565\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684 KL \u6563\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6 KL \u6563\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u8bcd\u548c\u56fe\u50cf (x,m)\uff0c\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94 (y) \u4f7f\u5f97 \u03c0_\u03b8(y|x,m)>0\uff0c\u4f46 \u03c0_ref(y|x,m)\u21920\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6 KL \u6563\u5ea6\u4f1a\u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\u8bf4\u660e\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4ece\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570 (1) \u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u59cb\u7b56\u7565 (\u03c0_ref) \u91c7\u6837\u6982\u7387\u6781\u4f4e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff08\u6839\u636e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f02\u7b56\u7565\uff08off-policy\uff09\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u5219\u4e3a\u540c\u7b56\u7565\uff08on-policy\uff09\u6570\u636e\uff09\u5c06\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u4f1a\u88ab\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"128\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-3.png\" alt=\"formular\" class=\"wp-image-1141043\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-3.png 678w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-3-300x57.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-3-240x45.png 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u975e\u8981\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u7b56\u7565\uff08off-policy\uff09\u7684\u4f18\u9009\u54cd\u5e94\uff08preferred response\uff09\u62ff\u6765\u6784\u5efa DPO \u504f\u597d\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u68af\u5ea6\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cd\u6e29 DPO \u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"122\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-4-1024x122.png\" alt=\"text\" class=\"wp-image-1141044\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-4-1024x122.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-4-300x36.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-4-768x91.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-4-240x28.png 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-4.png 1087w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d y_w \u662f\u4f18\u9009\u54cd\u5e94\uff08preferred response\uff09\uff0cy_l \u662f\u88ab\u62d2\u54cd\u5e94\uff08rejected response\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u68af\u5ea6\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff08\u03c3(\u22c5) \u662f sigmoid \u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"274\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-5-1024x274.png\" alt=\"diagram\" class=\"wp-image-1141045\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-5-1024x274.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-5-300x80.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-5-768x205.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-5-240x64.png 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-5.png 1115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f00\u59cb\u524d \u03c0\u03b8=\u03c0_ref\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 sigmoid \u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u503c\u5e94\u5f53\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u524d\u7b56\u7565\u4f1a\u4ee5 0.5\u03b2 \u4e3a\u7cfb\u6570\u5bf9 y_w \u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u5927\u5bf9\u6570\u4f3c\u7136\u66f4\u65b0\uff08max-loglikelihood update\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0\u8fc7\u540e\uff0clog\u03c0_ref(y_w\u2223x,m)\u03c0\u03b8(y_w\u2223x,m) \u5c06\u4f1a\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e\u6781\u5927\u503c\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50 > 0\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u6bcd\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e8e0\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4 \u03c3(\u2212r_w+r_l)\u21920\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u68af\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56de\u987e\u5e7b\u89c9\u8bc6\u522b\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u6539\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u5f02\u7b56\u7565\uff08off-policy\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u52a8\u518d\u5fae\u5c0f\u4e5f\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6307\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u53cd\u9988\u80fd\u88ab\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4f1a\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u8fdb\u5316\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u4f7f\u5b58\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u6548\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5373\u5168\u662f\u540c\u7b56\u7565\uff08on-policy\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6548\u679c\u6700\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"opa-dpo-\u6253\u7834\u5e38\u89c4-\u91cd\u5851\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b56\u7565\">OPA-DPO\uff1a\u6253\u7834\u5e38\u89c4\uff0c\u91cd\u5851\u5bf9\u9f50\u7b56\u7565<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e2\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u907f\u514d\u5f02\u7b56\u7565\uff08off-policy\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684 KL \u6563\u5ea6\u7ea6\u675f\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u8054\u5408\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5 On-Policy Alignment(OPA)-DPO\uff0c\u5c06\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u53cd\u9988\u6570\u636e\u5728 DPO \u8bad\u7ec3\u524d\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u7b56\u7565\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u5728\u4ec5\u4f7f\u75284.8k\u6570\u636e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cOPA-DPO \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u524d SOTA \u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 SOTA \u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u898116k\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8be5\u6210\u679c\u5df2\u83b7\u9009\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u9886\u57df\u9876\u4f1a CVPR 2025 \u7684 Oral \u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models via DPO: On-Policy Data Hold the Key<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2501.09695\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2501.09695<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-6-1024x293.png\" alt=\"chart, diagram\" class=\"wp-image-1141046\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-6-1024x293.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-6-300x86.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-6-768x220.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-6-240x69.png 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-6.png 1431w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe2\uff1aOPA-DPO \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>OPA-DPO \u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u81ea\u884c\u751f\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff1b\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e13\u5bb6\u53cd\u9988\uff08\u5982 GPT-4v\uff09\u5bf9\u751f\u6210\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7ea0\u6b63\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u54cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u4e13\u5bb6\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c LoRA-SFT \u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a OPA \u6a21\u578b\uff09\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728 OPA \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u7684 DPO \u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u53c2\u8003\u4e86 mDPO \u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u8bed\u8a00\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u56fe\u50cf\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u4ee5\u53ca\u951a\u70b9\u5bf9\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8fd8\u662f OPA \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"819\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-7.png\" alt=\"diagram\" class=\"wp-image-1141047\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-7.png 865w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-7-300x284.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-7-768x727.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-7-190x180.png 190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe3\uff1aOPA-DPO \u901a\u8fc7\u56db\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u9f50<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u7efc\u5408\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e LLaVA-1.5-7B \u548c 13B \u6a21\u578b\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u5404\u79cd DPO-based \u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0cOPA-DPO \u5728\u4f7f\u7528 4.8k \u6570\u636e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0 SOTA \u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-8-1024x449.png\" alt=\"table\" class=\"wp-image-1141048\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-8-1024x449.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-8-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-8-768x337.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-8-240x105.png 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-8.png 1431w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u88681\uff1a\u4e3a\u516c\u5e73\u6bd4\u8f83\u5404\u7c7b RLAIF\/RLHF \u589e\u5f3a LVLM \u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u57fa\u51c6\u4e0a\u7edf\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8d2a\u5a6a\u91c7\u6837\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u6807\u6ce8\u4e86\u6765\u6e90\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u5b98\u65b9\u590d\u73b0\u4e0e\u8bba\u6587\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bcf\u7ec4\u6307\u6807\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6210\u7ee9\u52a0\u7c97\u6807\u793a\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"opa-dpo\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u529b\">OPA-DPO\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u529b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1 OPA \u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5bf9\u6700\u7ec8\u6548\u679c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u6d88\u878d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"373\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-9-1024x373.png\" alt=\"chart, line chart\" class=\"wp-image-1141049\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-9-1024x373.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-9-300x109.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-9-768x280.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-9-240x87.png 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-9.png 1431w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe4\uff1a\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u548c OPA \u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9 OPA-DPO \u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u6d88\u878d\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684 LLaVA-OneVision \u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u5ea7\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u636e\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0cLLaVA-OneVision \u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7ec6\u81f4\u4f46\u7565\u663e\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b OPA-DPO \u7684\u6548\u679c\u66f4\u52a0\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc72.4k\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e7b\u89c9\u6307\u6807\u4e0a\u7684\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-10-1024x312.png\" alt=\"table\" class=\"wp-image-1141050\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-10-1024x312.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-10-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-10-768x234.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-10-240x73.png 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-10.png 1469w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u88682\uff1aOPA-DPO \u5728 LLaVA-OneVision \u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 OPA-DPO \u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u7565\u663e\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u663e\u8457\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-11-1024x540.png\" alt=\"\u56fe\u50cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0b OPA \u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9 DPO \u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\" class=\"wp-image-1141051\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-11-1024x540.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-11-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-11-768x405.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-11-240x126.png 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-11.png 1425w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe5\uff1a\u56fe\u50cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0b OPA \u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9 DPO \u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u8fd8\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u57fa\u5ea7\u6a21\u578b\u5f80\u5f80\u9ed8\u8ba4 query \u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u51c6\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u5b57\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u5e7b\u89c9\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u987a\u7740\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\u60ef\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u800c\u901a\u8fc7 OPA-DPO \u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u7504\u522b query \u6587\u5b57\u90e8\u5206\u5e7b\u89c9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"361\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-12-1024x361.png\" alt=\"graphical user interface, text, application\" class=\"wp-image-1141052\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-12-1024x361.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-12-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-12-768x271.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-12-240x85.png 240w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/opa-dpo-12.png 1429w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u56fe6\uff1a\u9519\u8bef\u524d\u63d0\u95ee\u8be2\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0b\uff0cOPA-DPO \u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u51fa\u73b0\u7504\u522b query \u5185\u5e7b\u89c9\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>OPA-DPO \u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u66f4\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5176\u201c\u4ee5\u4e13\u5bb6\u53cd\u9988\u751f\u6210\u540c\u7b56\u7565\uff08on-policy\uff09\u6570\u636e\u201d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5bf9\u9f50\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7a81\u7834\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1] Rafailov R, Sharma A, Mitchell E, et al. Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2023, 36: 53728-53741.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2] Zhou Y, Cui C, Rafailov R, et al. Aligning Modalities in Vision Large Language Models via Preference Fine-tuning. ICLR 2024 Workshop on Reliable and Responsible Foundation Models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3] Sarkar P, Ebrahimi S, Etemad A, et al. Data-augmented phrase-level alignment for mitigating object hallucination. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.18654, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4] Yu T, Yao Y, Zhang H, et al. RLHF-V: Towards trustworthy mllms via behavior alignment from fine-grained correctional human feedback. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2024: 13807-13816.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[5] Zhao Z, Wang B, Ouyang L, et al. Beyond hallucinations: Enhancing lvlms through hallucination-aware direct preference optimization. arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.16839, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[6] Xiao W, Huang Z, Gan L, et al. Detecting and mitigating hallucination in large vision language models via fine-grained ai feedback. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.14233, 2024. (AAAI 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[7] Yu T, Zhang H, Yao Y, et al. Rlaif-v: Aligning mllms through open-source ai feedback for super gpt-4v trustworthiness. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.17220, 2024. (CVPR 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[8] Wang F, Zhou W, Huang J Y, et al. mDPO: Conditional Preference Optimization for Multimodal Large Language Models. Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2024: 8078-8088.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7ec4\uff08\u4e0a\u6d77\uff09\u6b63\u5728\u62db\u8058\u5b9e\u4e60\u751f\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5bf9 RL for Large Models \u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u52a0\u5165\u6211\u4eec\uff01\u7b80\u5386\u8bf7\u53d1\u5230\uff1axufluo@microsoft.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e7b\u89c9\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u751a\u81f3\u865a\u5047\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u843d\u5730\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8054\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u4ece\u76f4\u63a5\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316\uff08DPO\uff09\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 On-Policy Alignment (OPA)-DPO \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u4fdd\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u7b56\u7565\uff08reference policy\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u5e7b\u89c9\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u6210\u679c\u5df2\u83b7\u9009\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u9886\u57df\u9876\u4f1a CVPR 2025 \u7684 Oral \u8bba\u6587\u3002 \u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5927\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u6709\u865a\u5047\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u201c\u5e7b\u89c9\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9f\u5f85\u653b\u514b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u96be\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316 (DPO) [1] \u6b63\u5728\u5f15\u8d77\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u63d0\u793a\u8bcd\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5e7b\u89c9\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u6784\u9020\u504f\u597d\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e DPO \u8bad\u7ec3\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e DPO \u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u5e7b\u89c9\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u53ca\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5404\u7b97\u6cd5\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u201c\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e DPO \u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff08reference policy\uff09\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u540c\u7b56\u7565\uff08on-policy\uff09\u201d\u3002 \u7814\u7a76\u5458\u4eec\u5c06\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a \u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u5e7b\u89c9\u6ce8\u5165\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982 HALVA [2]\u548c POVID [3]\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e3a\u6ce8\u5165\u5e7b\u89c9\u7247\u6bb5\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\uff1b \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u662f\u5e7b\u89c9\u8bc6\u522b\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982 RLHF-V [4]\u3001HA-DPO [5]\u548c HSA-DPO [6]\uff0c\u5148\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u6839\u636e\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u63d0\u793a\u81ea\u884c\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5229\u7528\u4e13\u5bb6\u53cd\u9988\uff08\u4eba\u7c7b\u6216 GPT-4\/4v\uff09\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\uff1b \u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u8fdb\u5316\u7c7b\uff0c\u5982 RLAIF-V[7]\uff0c\u8ba9\u6a21\u578b\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u63d0\u793a\u751f\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5e7b\u89c9\u8bc6\u522b\u65b9\u9762\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6784\u5efa\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u7c7b\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u8fdb\u5316\u7c7b > \u5e7b\u89c9\u8bc6\u522b\u7c7b > \u5e7b\u89c9\u6ce8\u5165\u7c7b\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e7b\u89c9\u6ce8\u5165\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e7b\u89c9\u901a\u5e38\u5e76\u4e0d\u6765\u81ea\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7 DPO 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