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Six examples of practical defenses against those attacks are also covered in detail; these defenses are selected because of their effectiveness, wide applicability, and low enforcement overhead.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .asset-content --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This tutorial paper considers the issues of low-level software security from a language-based perspective, with the help of concrete examples. Four examples of low-level software attacks are covered in full detail; these examples are representative of the major types of attacks on C and C++ software that is compiled into machine code. 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