{"id":155972,"date":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/msr-research-item\/transaction-timestamping-in-temporal-databases\/"},"modified":"2018-10-16T20:12:13","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T03:12:13","slug":"transaction-timestamping-in-temporal-databases","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/transaction-timestamping-in-temporal-databases\/","title":{"rendered":"Transaction Timestamping in (Temporal) Databases"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"asset-content\">\n<p>Many database applications need accountability<br \/>\nand trace-ability that necessitate retaining previous<br \/>\ndatabase states. For a transaction-time database supporting<br \/>\nthis, the choice of times used to timestamp<br \/>\ndatabase records, to establish when records are or were<br \/>\ncurrent, needs to be consistent with a committed transaction<br \/>\nserialization order. Previous solutions have chosen<br \/>\ntimestamps at commit time, selecting a time that<br \/>\nagrees with commit order. However, SQL standard<br \/>\ndatabases can require an earlier choice because a statement<br \/>\nwithin a transaction may request \u201ccurrent time.\u201d<br \/>\nManaging timestamps chosen before a serialization order<br \/>\nis established is the challenging problem we solve<br \/>\nhere.<\/p>\n<p>By building on two-phase locking concurrency control,<br \/>\nwe can delay a transaction\u2019s choice of a timestamp,<br \/>\nreducing the chance that transactions may need<br \/>\nto be aborted in order keep timestamps consistent with<br \/>\na serialization order. Also, while timestamps stored<br \/>\nwith records in a transaction-time database make it<br \/>\npossible to directly identify write-write and write-read<br \/>\nconflicts, handling read-write conflicts requires more.<br \/>\nOur simple auxiliary structure conservatively detects<br \/>\nread-write conflicts, and hence provides transaction<br \/>\ntimestamps that are consistent with a serialization order.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .asset-content --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Many database applications need accountability and trace-ability that necessitate retaining previous database states. For a transaction-time database supporting this, the choice of times used to timestamp database records, to establish when records are or were current, needs to be consistent with a committed transaction serialization order. Previous solutions have chosen timestamps at commit time, selecting [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","msr-author-ordering":null,"msr_publishername":"Very Large Data Bases Endowment Inc.","msr_publisher_other":"","msr_booktitle":"VLDB Proceedings","msr_chapter":"","msr_edition":"VLDB Proceedings","msr_editors":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_issue":"","msr_journal":"","msr_number":"","msr_organization":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_page_range_start":"","msr_page_range_end":"","msr_series":"","msr_volume":"","msr_copyright":"All articles published in this journal are protected by copyright, which covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article (e.g., as offprints), as well as all translation rights. No material published in this journal may be reproduced photographically or stored on microfilm, in electronic data bases, video disks, etc., without first obtaining written permission from Very Large Data Bases Endowment Inc.","msr_conference_name":"VLDB Proceedings","msr_doi":"","msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_mag_id":"","msr_pubmed_id":"","msr_other_authors":"Christian 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