{"id":168509,"date":"2015-09-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-09-01T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/msr-research-item\/recurrent-neural-network-and-lstm-models-for-lexical-utterance-classification\/"},"modified":"2018-10-16T20:21:57","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T03:21:57","slug":"recurrent-neural-network-and-lstm-models-for-lexical-utterance-classification","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/recurrent-neural-network-and-lstm-models-for-lexical-utterance-classification\/","title":{"rendered":"Recurrent Neural Network and LSTM Models for Lexical Utterance Classification"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"asset-content\">\n<p>Utterance classification is a critical pre-processing step for many speech understanding and dialog systems. In multi-user settings, one needs to first identify if an utterance is even directed at the system, followed by another level of classification to determine the intent of the user\u2019s input. In this work, we propose RNN and LSTM models for both these tasks. We show how both models outperform baselines based on ngram-based language models (LMs), feedforward neural network LMs, and boosting classifiers. To deal with the high rate of singleton and out-of-vocabulary words in the data, we also investigate a word input encoding based on character ngrams, and show how this representation beats the standard one-hot vector word encoding. Overall, these proposed approaches achieve over 30% relative reduction in equal error rate compared to boosting classifier baseline on an ATIS utterance intent classification task, and over 3.9% absolute reduction in equal error rate compared to a the maximum entropy LM baseline of 27.0% on an addressee detection task. We find that RNNs work best when utterances are short, while LSTMs are best when utterances are longer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .asset-content --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Utterance classification is a critical pre-processing step for many speech understanding and dialog systems. In multi-user settings, one needs to first identify if an utterance is even directed at the system, followed by another level of classification to determine the intent of the user\u2019s input. In this work, we propose RNN and LSTM models for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","msr-author-ordering":null,"msr_publishername":"ISCA - International Speech Communication Association","msr_publisher_other":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_edition":"","msr_editors":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_issue":"","msr_journal":"","msr_number":"","msr_organization":"","msr_pages_string":"135-139","msr_page_range_start":"135","msr_page_range_end":"139","msr_series":"","msr_volume":"","msr_copyright":"","msr_conference_name":"Proc. Interspeech","msr_doi":"","msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_mag_id":"","msr_pubmed_id":"","msr_other_authors":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_award":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_institution":"","msr_host":"","msr_version":"","msr_duration":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_s2_match_type":"","msr_citation_count_updated":"","msr_published_date":"2015-09-01","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_notes":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_conference_url":"","msr_journal_url":"","msr_s2_pdf_url":"","msr_year":2015,"msr_citation_count":0,"msr_influential_citations":0,"msr_reference_count":0,"msr_s2_match_confidence":0,"msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":true,"msr_s2_open_access":false,"msr_s2_author_ids":[],"msr_pub_ids":[],"msr_hide_image_in_river":0,"footnotes":""},"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[13545],"msr-publication-type":[193716],"msr-publisher":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-post-option":[],"msr-field-of-study":[],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-168509","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-human-language-technologies","msr-locale-en_us"],"msr_publishername":"ISCA - International Speech Communication Association","msr_edition":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_published_date":"2015-09-01","msr_host":"","msr_duration":"","msr_version":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_pages_string":"135-139","msr_chapter":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_journal":"","msr_volume":"","msr_number":"","msr_editors":"","msr_series":"","msr_issue":"","msr_organization":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_notes":"","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_download_urls":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":1,"msr_main_download":"204196","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_doi":"","msr_publication_uploader":[{"type":"file","title":"RNNLM_addressee.pdf","viewUrl":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/RNNLM_addressee.pdf","id":204196,"label_id":0}],"msr_related_uploader":"","msr_citation_count":0,"msr_citation_count_updated":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_influential_citations":0,"msr_reference_count":0,"msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_author_ids":[],"msr_s2_open_access":false,"msr_s2_pdf_url":null,"msr_attachments":[{"id":204196,"url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/RNNLM_addressee.pdf"}],"msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"text","value":"Suman Ravuri","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"anstolck","user_id":31054,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=anstolck"}],"msr_impact_theme":[],"msr_research_lab":[],"msr_event":[],"msr_group":[664548],"msr_project":[171313,171150,171065],"publication":[],"video":[],"msr-tool":[],"msr_publication_type":"inproceedings","related_content":{"projects":[{"ID":171313,"post_title":"Dialog and Conversational Systems Research","post_name":"dialog-and-conversational-systems-research","post_type":"msr-project","post_date":"2014-03-14 09:46:35","post_modified":"2017-07-11 15:34:26","post_status":"publish","permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/dialog-and-conversational-systems-research\/","post_excerpt":"Conversational systems interact with people through language to assist, enable, or entertain. Research at Microsoft spans dialogs that use language exclusively, or in conjunctions with additional modalities like gesture; where language is spoken or in text; and in a variety of settings, such as conversational systems in apps or devices, and situated interactions in the real world. Projects Spoken Language Understanding","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-project\/171313"}]}},{"ID":171150,"post_title":"Spoken Language Understanding","post_name":"spoken-language-understanding","post_type":"msr-project","post_date":"2013-05-01 11:46:32","post_modified":"2019-08-19 14:48:51","post_status":"publish","permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/spoken-language-understanding\/","post_excerpt":"Spoken language understanding (SLU) is an emerging field in between the areas of speech processing and natural language processing. The term spoken language understanding has largely been coined for targeted understanding of human speech directed at machines. This project covers our research on SLU tasks such as domain detection, intent determination, and slot filling, using data-driven methods. Projects Deeper Understanding: Moving\u00a0beyond shallow targeted understanding towards building domain independent SLU models. Scaling SLU: Quickly bootstrapping SLU&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-project\/171150"}]}},{"ID":171065,"post_title":"Recurrent Neural Networks for Language Processing","post_name":"recurrent-neural-networks-for-language-processing","post_type":"msr-project","post_date":"2012-11-23 11:45:31","post_modified":"2019-08-19 14:55:37","post_status":"publish","permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/recurrent-neural-networks-for-language-processing\/","post_excerpt":"This project focuses on advancing the state-of-the-art in language processing with recurrent neural networks. We are currently applying these to language modeling, machine translation, speech recognition, language understanding and meaning representation. A special interest in is adding side-channels of information as input, to model phenomena which are not easily handled in other frameworks. A toolkit for doing RNN language modeling with side-information is in the associated download. Sample word vectors for use with this toolkit&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-project\/171065"}]}}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/168509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/msr-research-item"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/168509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":526833,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/168509\/revisions\/526833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=168509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"msr-research-highlight","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-highlight?post=168509"},{"taxonomy":"msr-research-area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-area?post=168509"},{"taxonomy":"msr-publication-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-publication-type?post=168509"},{"taxonomy":"msr-publisher","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-publisher?post=168509"},{"taxonomy":"msr-focus-area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-focus-area?post=168509"},{"taxonomy":"msr-locale","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-locale?post=168509"},{"taxonomy":"msr-post-option","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-post-option?post=168509"},{"taxonomy":"msr-field-of-study","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-field-of-study?post=168509"},{"taxonomy":"msr-conference","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-conference?post=168509"},{"taxonomy":"msr-journal","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-journal?post=168509"},{"taxonomy":"msr-impact-theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-impact-theme?post=168509"},{"taxonomy":"msr-pillar","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-pillar?post=168509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}