{"id":244148,"date":"2015-06-27T21:16:02","date_gmt":"2015-06-28T04:16:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&#038;p=244148"},"modified":"2018-10-26T14:45:48","modified_gmt":"2018-10-26T21:45:48","slug":"ultra-low-power-always-camera-front-end-posture-detection-body-worn-cameras-using-restricted-boltzman-machines-2","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/ultra-low-power-always-camera-front-end-posture-detection-body-worn-cameras-using-restricted-boltzman-machines-2\/","title":{"rendered":"An Ultra-low Power, \u201cAlways-on\u201d Camera Front-end for Posture Detection in Body Worn Cameras Using Restricted Boltzman Machines"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Internet of Things (IoTs) has triggered rapid advances in sensors, surveillance devices, wearables and body area networks with advanced Human-Computer Interfaces (HCI). One such application area is the adoption of Body Worn Cameras (BWCs) by law enforcement officials. The need to be \u2018always-on\u2019 puts heavy constraints on battery usage in these camera front-ends, thus limiting their widespread adoption. Further, the increasing number of such cameras is expected to create a data deluge, which requires large processing, transmission and storage capabilities. Instead of continuously capturing and streaming or storing videos, it is prudent to provide \u201csmartness\u201d to the camera front-end. This requires hardware assisted image recognition and template matching in the front-end, capable of making judicious decisions on when to trigger video capture or streaming. Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) based neural networks have been shown to provide high accuracy for image recognition and are well suited for low power and re-configurable systems. In this paper we propose an RBM based \u201calways-on\u2019\u2019 camera front-end capable of detecting human posture. Aggressive behavior of the human being in the field of view will be used as a wake-up signal for further data collection and classification. The proposed system has been implemented on a Xilinx Virtex 7 XC7VX485T platform. A minimum dynamic power of 19.18 mW for a target recognition accuracy while maintaining real time constraints has been measured. The hardware-software co-design illustrates the trade-offs in the design with respect to accuracy, resource utilization, processing time and power. The results demonstrate the possibility of a true \u201calways-on\u201d body-worn camera system in the IoT environment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Internet of Things (IoTs) has triggered rapid advances in sensors, surveillance devices, wearables and body area networks with advanced Human-Computer Interfaces (HCI). One such application area is the adoption of Body Worn Cameras (BWCs) by law enforcement officials. The need to be \u2018always-on\u2019 puts heavy constraints on battery usage in these camera front-ends, thus [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","msr-author-ordering":null,"msr_publishername":"IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","msr_publisher_other":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_edition":"","msr_editors":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_issue":"","msr_journal":"","msr_number":"","msr_organization":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_page_range_start":"","msr_page_range_end":"","msr_series":"","msr_volume":"","msr_copyright":"\u00a9 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting\/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.","msr_conference_name":"IEEE Symposium on Low Power Electronic Design (ISLPED)","msr_doi":"","msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_mag_id":"","msr_pubmed_id":"","msr_other_authors":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_award":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_institution":"","msr_host":"","msr_version":"","msr_duration":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_s2_match_type":"","msr_citation_count_updated":"","msr_published_date":"2015-6-27","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_notes":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_conference_url":"","msr_journal_url":"","msr_s2_pdf_url":"","msr_year":0,"msr_citation_count":0,"msr_influential_citations":0,"msr_reference_count":0,"msr_s2_match_confidence":0,"msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":true,"msr_s2_open_access":false,"msr_s2_author_ids":[],"msr_pub_ids":[],"msr_hide_image_in_river":0,"footnotes":""},"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[243062,13552],"msr-publication-type":[193716],"msr-publisher":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-post-option":[],"msr-field-of-study":[],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-244148","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-audio-acoustics","msr-research-area-hardware-devices","msr-locale-en_us"],"msr_publishername":"IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","msr_edition":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_published_date":"2015-6-27","msr_host":"","msr_duration":"","msr_version":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_journal":"","msr_volume":"","msr_number":"","msr_editors":"","msr_series":"","msr_issue":"","msr_organization":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_notes":"","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_download_urls":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":1,"msr_main_download":"273450","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_doi":"","msr_publication_uploader":[{"type":"file","viewUrl":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Shoaib_ISLPED_2015.pdf","id":"273450","title":"Shoaib_ISLPED_2015","label_id":"243109","label":0},{"type":"doi","viewUrl":"false","id":"false","title":"10.1109\/TMSCS.2015.2513741","label_id":"243109","label":0}],"msr_related_uploader":"","msr_citation_count":0,"msr_citation_count_updated":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_influential_citations":0,"msr_reference_count":0,"msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_author_ids":[],"msr_s2_open_access":false,"msr_s2_pdf_url":null,"msr_attachments":[],"msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"text","value":"Soham Desai","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Shuayb Zarar","user_id":36563,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Shuayb Zarar"},{"type":"text","value":"Arijit Raychowdhury","user_id":0,"rest_url":false}],"msr_impact_theme":[],"msr_research_lab":[],"msr_event":[],"msr_group":[144923],"msr_project":[430839],"publication":[],"video":[],"msr-tool":[],"msr_publication_type":"inproceedings","related_content":{"projects":[{"ID":430839,"post_title":"On-device ML for Object and Activity Detection","post_name":"device-ml-ambient-aware-applications","post_type":"msr-project","post_date":"2017-10-05 11:03:40","post_modified":"2020-03-13 17:08:00","post_status":"publish","permalink":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/device-ml-ambient-aware-applications\/","post_excerpt":"To process data locally, we have accelerated ML computations via ASICs that incorporate efficient pipelining and parallelism techniques. 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