{"id":355241,"date":"2017-01-19T02:01:26","date_gmt":"2017-01-19T10:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&#038;p=355241"},"modified":"2018-10-16T20:43:53","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T03:43:53","slug":"information-theoretic-thresholds-community-detection-sparse-networks","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/information-theoretic-thresholds-community-detection-sparse-networks\/","title":{"rendered":"Information-theoretic thresholds for community detection in sparse networks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We give upper and lower bounds on the information-theoretic threshold for community detection in the stochastic block model. Specifically, consider the symmetric stochastic block model with <span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mi\">q<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> groups, average degree <span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, and connection probabilities <span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mi\">c_{<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mtext\">in}<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> and <span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mi\">c_{<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"mtext\">out}<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> for within-group and between-group edges respectively; let <span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mi\">\u03bb<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mo\">=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mi\">c_{i<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-32\" class=\"mtext\">n}<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-33\" class=\"mo\">\u2212<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"mi\">c_{<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-36\" class=\"mtext\">out}<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"mi\">q<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"mi\">d<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. We show that, when <span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-46\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-47\" class=\"mi\">q<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> is large, and <span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"mi\">\u03bb<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"mo\">=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-52\" class=\"mi\">O<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-53\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-56\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-57\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-58\" class=\"mi\">q<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-59\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, the critical value of <span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-60\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-61\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-62\" class=\"mi\">d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> at which community detection becomes possible&#8212;in physical terms, the condensation threshold&#8212;is<\/p>\n<div class=\"MathJax_Display\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-63\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-64\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-65\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-66\" class=\"mi\">d<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-67\" class=\"mtext\">c<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-68\" class=\"mo\">=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-69\" class=\"mi\">\u0398<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-70\" class=\"mspace\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-71\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-72\" class=\"mo\">(\\<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-73\" class=\"mfrac\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-74\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-75\" class=\"mi\">log(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-76\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-77\" class=\"mi\">q)\/<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-78\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-79\" class=\"mi\">q<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-80\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-81\" class=\"mi\">\u03bb^<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-82\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-83\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-84\" class=\"mspace\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-85\" class=\"mo\">,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>with tighter results in certain regimes. Above this threshold, we show that any partition of the nodes into <span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-86\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-87\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-88\" class=\"mi\">q<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> groups which is as `good&#8217; as the planted one, in terms of the number of within- and between-group edges, is correlated with it. This gives an exponential-time algorithm that performs better than chance; specifically, community detection becomes possible below the Kesten-Stigum bound for <span id=\"MathJax-Element-11-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-89\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-90\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-91\" class=\"mi\">q<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-92\" class=\"mo\">\u2265<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-93\" class=\"mn\">5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> in the disassortative case <span id=\"MathJax-Element-12-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-94\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-95\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-96\" class=\"mi\">\u03bb<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-97\" class=\"mo\"><<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-98\" class=\"mn\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, and for <span id=\"MathJax-Element-13-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-99\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-100\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-101\" class=\"mi\">q<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-102\" class=\"mo\">\u2265<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-103\" class=\"mn\">11<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> in the assortative case <span id=\"MathJax-Element-14-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-104\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-105\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-106\" class=\"mi\">\u03bb<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-107\" class=\"mo\">><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-108\" class=\"mn\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (similar upper bounds were obtained independently by Abbe and Sandon). Conversely, below this threshold, we show that no algorithm can label the vertices better than chance, or even distinguish the block model from an\u00a0Erdos-Renyi random graph with high probability.<br \/>\nOur lower bound on <span id=\"MathJax-Element-15-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-109\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-110\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-111\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-112\" class=\"mi\">d<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-113\" class=\"mtext\">c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> uses Robinson and Wormald&#8217;s small subgraph conditioning method, and we also give (less explicit) results for non-symmetric stochastic block models. In the symmetric case, we obtain explicit results by using bounds on certain functions of doubly stochastic matrices due to Achlioptas and Naor; indeed, our lower bound on <span id=\"MathJax-Element-16-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-114\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-115\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-116\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-117\" class=\"mi\">d<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-118\" class=\"mtext\">c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> is their second moment lower bound on the <span id=\"MathJax-Element-17-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-119\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-120\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-121\" class=\"mi\">q<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>-colorability threshold for random graphs with a certain effective degree.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We give upper and lower bounds on the information-theoretic threshold for community detection in the stochastic block model. Specifically, consider the symmetric stochastic block model with q groups, average degree d, and connection probabilities c_{in}\/n and c_{out}\/n for within-group and between-group edges respectively; let \u03bb=(c_{in}\u2212c_{out})\/(qd). We show that, when q is large, and \u03bb=O(1\/q), the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","msr-author-ordering":null,"msr_publishername":"COLT","msr_publisher_other":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_edition":"Conference on Learning Theory 2016","msr_editors":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_issue":"","msr_journal":"","msr_number":"","msr_organization":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_page_range_start":"","msr_page_range_end":"","msr_series":"","msr_volume":"","msr_copyright":"","msr_conference_name":"Conference on Learning Theory 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