{"id":424884,"date":"2017-09-14T00:39:45","date_gmt":"2017-09-14T07:39:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&#038;p=424884"},"modified":"2018-10-16T20:15:40","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T03:15:40","slug":"automatic-feature-learning-grade-nuclear-cataracts-based-deep-learning-2","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/automatic-feature-learning-grade-nuclear-cataracts-based-deep-learning-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Automatic Feature Learning to Grade Nuclear Cataracts Based on Deep Learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cataracts are a clouding of the lens and the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Assessing the presence and severity of cataracts is essential for diagnosis and progression monitoring, as well as to facilitate clinical research and management of the disease. Existing automatic methods for cataract grading utilize a predefined set of image features that may provide an incomplete, redundant, or even noisy representation. In this work, we propose a system to automatically learn features for grading the severity of nuclear cataracts from slit-lamp images. Local filters learned from image patches are fed into a convolutional neural network, followed by a set of recursive neural networks to further extract higher-order features. With these features, support vector regression is applied to determine the cataract grade. The proposed system is validated on a large population-based dataset of <span id=\"IEq1\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" role=\"presentation\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\" role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mn>5378<\/mn><\/math><\/span><\/span> <\/span> images, where it outperforms the state-of-the-art by yielding with respect to clinical grading a mean absolute error (<span id=\"IEq2\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" role=\"presentation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">\u03b5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) of <span id=\"IEq3\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" role=\"presentation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mn\">0.322<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, a <span id=\"IEq4\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" role=\"presentation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mn\">68.6<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mspace\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mi\">%<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> exact integral agreement ratio (<span id=\"IEq5\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" role=\"presentation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mi\">R<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mn\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>), a <span id=\"IEq6\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" role=\"presentation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"mn\">86.5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mspace\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mi\">%<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> decimal grading error <span id=\"IEq7\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" role=\"presentation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mo\">\u2264<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>0.5 (<span id=\"IEq8\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" role=\"presentation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mi\">R<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Span-32\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-33\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"mi\">e<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"mn\">0.5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>), and a <span id=\"IEq9\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" role=\"presentation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-36\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"mn\">99.1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"mspace\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"mi\">%<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> decimal grading error <span id=\"IEq10\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" role=\"presentation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"mo\">\u2264<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>1.0 (<span id=\"IEq11\" class=\"InlineEquation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-11-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" role=\"presentation\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-46\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-47\" class=\"mi\">R<\/span>\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"mi\">e<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"mn\">1.0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cataracts are a clouding of the lens and the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Assessing the presence and severity of cataracts is essential for diagnosis and progression monitoring, as well as to facilitate clinical research and management of the disease. Existing automatic methods for cataract grading utilize a predefined set of image features that may [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","msr-author-ordering":null,"msr_publishername":"","msr_publisher_other":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_edition":"Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV)","msr_editors":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_issue":"","msr_journal":"","msr_number":"","msr_organization":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_page_range_start":"","msr_page_range_end":"","msr_series":"","msr_volume":"","msr_copyright":"","msr_conference_name":"Asian Conference on Computer Vision 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Gao","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"edited_text","value":"Stephen Lin","user_id":33735,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Stephen Lin"},{"type":"text","value":"Tien Yin 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