{"id":590977,"date":"2019-06-03T16:40:04","date_gmt":"2019-06-03T23:40:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&p=590977"},"modified":"2019-06-03T16:40:04","modified_gmt":"2019-06-03T23:40:04","slug":"clinical-and-evolutionary-consequences-of-hiv-adaptation-to-hla-implications-for-vaccine-and-cure","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/clinical-and-evolutionary-consequences-of-hiv-adaptation-to-hla-implications-for-vaccine-and-cure\/","title":{"rendered":"Clinical and evolutionary consequences of HIV adaptation to HLA: implications for vaccine and cure"},"content":{"rendered":"

Purpose of review<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in our understanding of HIV<\/span> adaptation<\/span> to human leukocyte antigen (HLA<\/span>)-associated immune pressures and its relevance to HIV<\/span> prevention and cure<\/span> research.<\/p>\n

Recent findings<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>Recent research has confirmed that HLA<\/span> is a major driver of individual and population-level HIV<\/span> evolution<\/span>, that HIV<\/span> strains are adapting to the immunogenetic profiles of the different human ethnic groups in which they circulate, and that HIV<\/span> adaptation<\/span> has substantial clinical and immunologic consequences. As such, adaptation<\/span> represents a major challenge to HIV<\/span> prevention and cure<\/span>. At the same time, there are opportunities: Studies of HIV<\/span> adaptation<\/span> are revealing why certain HLA<\/span> alleles are protective in some populations and not others; they are identifying immunogenic viral epitopes that harbor high mutational barriers to escape, and they may help illuminate novel, vaccine<\/span>-relevant HIV<\/span> epitopes in regions where circulating adaptation<\/span> is extensive. Elucidation of HLA<\/span>-driven adapted and nonadapted viral forms in different human populations and HIV<\/span> subtypes also renders \u2018personalized\u2019 immunogen selection, as a component of HIV<\/span> cure<\/span> strategies, conceptually feasible.<\/p>\n

Summary<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>Though adaptation<\/span> represents a major challenge to HIV<\/span> prevention and cure<\/span>, achieving an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon can help move the design of such strategies forward.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Purpose of review\u00a0The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in our understanding of HIV adaptation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated immune pressures and its relevance to HIV prevention and cure research. Recent findings\u00a0Recent research has confirmed that HLA is a major driver of individual and population-level HIV evolution, that HIV strains are […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","msr-author-ordering":null,"msr_publishername":"","msr_publisher_other":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_edition":"","msr_editors":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_issue":"3","msr_journal":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","msr_number":"","msr_organization":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_page_range_start":"194","msr_page_range_end":"204","msr_series":"","msr_volume":"14","msr_copyright":"","msr_conference_name":"","msr_doi":"","msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_mag_id":"","msr_pubmed_id":"","msr_other_authors":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_award":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_institution":"","msr_host":"","msr_version":"","msr_duration":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_s2_match_type":"","msr_citation_count_updated":"","msr_published_date":"2019-5-1","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_notes":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_conference_url":"","msr_journal_url":"","msr_s2_pdf_url":"","msr_year":0,"msr_citation_count":0,"msr_influential_citations":0,"msr_reference_count":0,"msr_s2_match_confidence":0,"msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":true,"msr_s2_open_access":false,"msr_s2_author_ids":[],"msr_pub_ids":[],"msr_hide_image_in_river":0,"footnotes":""},"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[13553],"msr-publication-type":[193715],"msr-publisher":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-post-option":[],"msr-field-of-study":[],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-590977","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-medical-health-genomics","msr-locale-en_us"],"msr_publishername":"","msr_edition":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_published_date":"2019-5-1","msr_host":"","msr_duration":"","msr_version":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_journal":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS","msr_volume":"14","msr_number":"","msr_editors":"","msr_series":"","msr_issue":"3","msr_organization":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_notes":"","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_download_urls":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":1,"msr_main_download":"","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_doi":"","msr_publication_uploader":[{"type":"doi","viewUrl":"false","id":"false","title":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000541","label_id":"243109","label":0}],"msr_related_uploader":"","msr_citation_count":0,"msr_citation_count_updated":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_influential_citations":0,"msr_reference_count":0,"msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_author_ids":[],"msr_s2_open_access":false,"msr_s2_pdf_url":null,"msr_attachments":[],"msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"text","value":"Santiago Avila-Rios","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Jonathan M. 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