{"id":947553,"date":"2023-06-08T10:44:18","date_gmt":"2023-06-08T17:44:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&#038;p=947553"},"modified":"2023-06-08T10:44:18","modified_gmt":"2023-06-08T17:44:18","slug":"quantum-speedups-for-zero-sum-games-via-improved-dynamic-gibbs-sampling","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/quantum-speedups-for-zero-sum-games-via-improved-dynamic-gibbs-sampling\/","title":{"rendered":"Quantum Speedups for Zero-Sum Games via Improved Dynamic Gibbs Sampling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We give a quantum algorithm for computing an\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>-approximate Nash equilibrium of a zero-sum game in a\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mrow\"><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mi\">m<\/span><\/em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mo\">\u00d7<\/span><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0payoff matrix with bounded entries. Given a standard quantum oracle for accessing the payoff matrix our algorithm runs in time\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"munderover\"><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mi\">O<\/span><\/em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mo\">\u02dc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mo\">(<span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"msqrt\">\u221a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"msqrt\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mrow\"><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mi\">m<\/span><\/em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"mo\">+<\/span><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"mo\">\u22c5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mo\">\u2212<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mn\">2.5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"mo\">+<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-32\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-33\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"mo\">\u2212<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"mn\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-36\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and outputs a classical representation of the\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>-approximate Nash equilibrium. This improves upon the best prior quantum runtime of <span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"munderover\"><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"mi\">O<\/span><\/em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-46\" class=\"mo\">\u02dc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-47\" class=\"mo\">(<span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"msqrt\">\u221a<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"msqrt\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"mrow\"><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"mi\">m<\/span><\/em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"mo\">+<\/span><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-52\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-53\" class=\"mo\">\u22c5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-56\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-57\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-58\" class=\"mo\">\u2212<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-59\" class=\"mn\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-60\" class=\"mo\">) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>obtained by [vAG19] and the classic\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-61\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-62\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-63\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-64\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-65\" class=\"munderover\"><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-66\" class=\"mi\">O<\/span><\/em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-67\" class=\"mo\">\u02dc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-68\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-69\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-70\" class=\"mi\">m<\/span><\/em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-71\" class=\"mo\">+<\/span><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-72\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-73\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-74\" class=\"mo\">\u22c5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-75\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-76\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-77\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-78\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-79\" class=\"mo\">\u2212<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-80\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-81\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0runtime due to [GK95] whenever\u00a0<span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-82\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-83\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-84\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-85\" class=\"mo\">=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-86\" class=\"mi\">\u03a9<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-87\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-88\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-89\" class=\"mi\">m<\/span><\/em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-90\" class=\"mo\">+<\/span><em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-91\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/em><span id=\"MathJax-Span-92\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-93\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-94\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-95\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-96\" class=\"mo\">\u2212<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-97\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-98\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. We obtain this result by designing new quantum data structures for efficiently sampling from a slowly-changing Gibbs distribution.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We give a quantum algorithm for computing an\u00a0\u03f5-approximate Nash equilibrium of a zero-sum game in a\u00a0m\u00d7n\u00a0payoff matrix with bounded entries. Given a standard quantum oracle for accessing the payoff matrix our algorithm runs in time\u00a0O\u02dc(\u221am+n\u22c5\u03f5\u22122.5+\u03f5\u22123)\u00a0and outputs a classical representation of the\u00a0\u03f5-approximate Nash equilibrium. This improves upon the best prior quantum runtime of O\u02dc(\u221am+n\u22c5\u03f5\u22123) obtained by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","msr-author-ordering":null,"msr_publishername":"","msr_publisher_other":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_edition":"","msr_editors":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_issue":"","msr_journal":"","msr_number":"","msr_organization":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_page_range_start":"","msr_page_range_end":"","msr_series":"","msr_volume":"","msr_copyright":"","msr_conference_name":"ICML 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