{"id":953232,"date":"2023-06-30T20:06:26","date_gmt":"2023-07-01T03:06:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&#038;p=953232"},"modified":"2023-06-30T20:06:26","modified_gmt":"2023-07-01T03:06:26","slug":"breaking-the-ff3-format-preserving-encryption-standard-over-small-domains","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/breaking-the-ff3-format-preserving-encryption-standard-over-small-domains\/","title":{"rendered":"Breaking the FF3 Format-Preserving Encryption Standard over Small Domains"},"content":{"rendered":"<nav class=\"u-mb-16\" aria-label=\"breadcrumbs\" data-test=\"article-breadcrumbs\"><\/nav>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<article lang=\"en\">\n<header data-test=\"chapter-detail-header\">\n<div class=\"c-article-header\">\n<p class=\"c-article-title\" data-test=\"chapter-title\"><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;font-weight: 400\">The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently published a Format-Preserving Encryption standard accepting two Feistel structure-based schemes called FF1 and FF3. Particularly, FF3 is a tweakable block cipher based on an 8-round Feistel network. In CCS 2016, Bellare et al. gave an attack to break FF3 (and FF1) with time and data complexity<\/span> much larger than the code book (but using many tweaks). In this work, we give a new practical total break attack to the FF3 scheme (also known as BPS scheme). Our attack was successfully tested with small domains. It is a slide attack (using two tweaks) that exploits the bad domain separation of the FF3 design. Due to this weakness, we reduced the FF3 attack to an attack on 4-round Feistel network. Biryukov et al. already gave a 4-round Feistel structure attack in SAC 2015. However, it works with chosen plaintexts and ciphertexts whereas we need a known-plaintext attack. Therefore, we developed a new generic known-plaintext attack to 4-round Feistel network that reconstructs the entire tables for all round functions. Our results show that FF1 does not offer a 128-bit security. Finally, we provide an easy and intuitive fix to prevent the FF3 scheme from our attack.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<\/article>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently published a Format-Preserving Encryption standard accepting two Feistel structure-based schemes called FF1 and FF3. Particularly, FF3 is a tweakable block cipher based on an 8-round Feistel network. In CCS 2016, Bellare et al. gave an attack to break FF3 (and FF1) with time and data 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