{"id":982389,"date":"2023-11-07T14:51:03","date_gmt":"2023-11-07T22:51:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&#038;p=982389"},"modified":"2024-05-16T10:42:57","modified_gmt":"2024-05-16T17:42:57","slug":"adapting-frechet-audio-distance-for-generative-music-evaluation","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/publication\/adapting-frechet-audio-distance-for-generative-music-evaluation\/","title":{"rendered":"Adapting Frechet Audio Distance for Generative Music Evaluation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The growing popularity of generative music models underlines the need for perceptually relevant, objective music quality metrics. The Frechet Audio Distance (FAD) is commonly used for this purpose even though its correlation with perceptual quality is understudied. We show that FAD performance may be hampered by sample size bias, poor choice of audio embeddings, or the use of biased or low-quality reference sets. We propose reducing sample size bias by extrapolating scores towards an infinite sample size. Through comparisons with MusicCaps labels and a listening test we identify audio embeddings and music reference sets that yield FAD scores well-correlated with acoustic and musical quality. Our results suggest that per-song FAD can be useful to identify outlier samples and predict perceptual quality for a range of music sets and generative models. Finally, we release a toolkit that allows adapting FAD for generative music evaluation.<\/p>\n<p>Link to the FAD toolkit: <a class=\"msr-external-link glyph-append glyph-append-open-in-new-tab glyph-append-xsmall\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/fadtk\">fadtk on github<span class=\"sr-only\"> (opens in new tab)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/FAD_PCC.png\" alt=\"Pearson correlation coefficient between Frechet Audio Distance (FAD) and listening test scores for all tested embeddings and reference datasets,\nfor acoustic and musical quality.\" width=\"510\" height=\"580\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-982407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/FAD_PCC.png 1020w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/FAD_PCC-264x300.png 264w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/FAD_PCC-900x1024.png 900w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/FAD_PCC-768x873.png 768w, https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/FAD_PCC-158x180.png 158w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The growing popularity of generative music models underlines the need for perceptually relevant, objective music quality metrics. The Frechet Audio Distance (FAD) is commonly used for this purpose even though its correlation with perceptual quality is understudied. We show that FAD performance may be hampered by sample size bias, poor choice of audio embeddings, or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","msr-author-ordering":null,"msr_publishername":"IEEE","msr_publisher_other":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_edition":"","msr_editors":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_issue":"","msr_journal":"","msr_number":"","msr_organization":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_page_range_start":"","msr_page_range_end":"","msr_series":"","msr_volume":"","msr_copyright":"","msr_conference_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","msr_doi":"","msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_mag_id":"","msr_pubmed_id":"","msr_other_authors":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_award":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_institution":"","msr_host":"","msr_version":"","msr_duration":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_s2_match_type":"","msr_citation_count_updated":"","msr_published_date":"2024-4-16","msr_highlight_text":"Best student paper award at IEEE ICASSP 2024","msr_notes":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_conference_url":"","msr_journal_url":"","msr_s2_pdf_url":"","msr_year":0,"msr_citation_count":0,"msr_influential_citations":0,"msr_reference_count":0,"msr_s2_match_confidence":0,"msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":true,"msr_s2_open_access":false,"msr_s2_author_ids":[],"msr_pub_ids":[],"msr_hide_image_in_river":0,"footnotes":""},"msr-research-highlight":[246574],"research-area":[243062],"msr-publication-type":[193716],"msr-publisher":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-post-option":[],"msr-field-of-study":[247741,267846],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-982389","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-highlight-award","msr-research-area-audio-acoustics","msr-locale-en_us","msr-field-of-study-audio-signal-processing","msr-field-of-study-generative-ai"],"msr_publishername":"IEEE","msr_edition":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_published_date":"2024-4-16","msr_host":"","msr_duration":"","msr_version":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_pages_string":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_journal":"","msr_volume":"","msr_number":"","msr_editors":"","msr_series":"","msr_issue":"","msr_organization":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_notes":"","msr_highlight_text":"Best student paper award at IEEE ICASSP 2024","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_download_urls":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":1,"msr_main_download":"","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_doi":"","msr_publication_uploader":[{"type":"url","viewUrl":"false","id":"false","title":"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2311.01616","label_id":"252679","label":0}],"msr_related_uploader":[{"type":"url","viewUrl":"false","id":"false","title":"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/fadtk","label_id":"264520","label":0}],"msr_citation_count":0,"msr_citation_count_updated":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_influential_citations":0,"msr_reference_count":0,"msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_author_ids":[],"msr_s2_open_access":false,"msr_s2_pdf_url":null,"msr_attachments":[],"msr-author-ordering":[{"type":"text","value":"Azalea Gui","user_id":0,"rest_url":false},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Hannes Gamper","user_id":31943,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Hannes Gamper"},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Sebastian Braun","user_id":37688,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Sebastian Braun"},{"type":"user_nicename","value":"Dimitra Emmanouilidou","user_id":37461,"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/microsoft-research\/v1\/researchers?person=Dimitra Emmanouilidou"}],"msr_impact_theme":[],"msr_research_lab":[199565],"msr_event":[],"msr_group":[144923],"msr_project":[],"publication":[],"video":[],"msr-tool":[],"msr_publication_type":"inproceedings","related_content":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/982389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/msr-research-item"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/982389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1034991,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/982389\/revisions\/1034991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=982389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"msr-research-highlight","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-highlight?post=982389"},{"taxonomy":"msr-research-area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-area?post=982389"},{"taxonomy":"msr-publication-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-publication-type?post=982389"},{"taxonomy":"msr-publisher","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-publisher?post=982389"},{"taxonomy":"msr-focus-area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-focus-area?post=982389"},{"taxonomy":"msr-locale","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-locale?post=982389"},{"taxonomy":"msr-post-option","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-post-option?post=982389"},{"taxonomy":"msr-field-of-study","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-field-of-study?post=982389"},{"taxonomy":"msr-conference","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-conference?post=982389"},{"taxonomy":"msr-journal","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-journal?post=982389"},{"taxonomy":"msr-impact-theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-impact-theme?post=982389"},{"taxonomy":"msr-pillar","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-pillar?post=982389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}