Catching on to cants

What are cants?

Cants are a form of slang. They are linguistic codes used by specific groups to discreetly communicate without inviting hostility or intervention from external sources. One of the earliest examples of cants is known as the thieves’ cant, which was developed in the 17th century. Criminals created this cant to communicate with each other and avoid the attention of the law. Interestingly, several words from the thieves’ cant have seamlessly integrated into the English lexicon and vernacular.

This cant not only served as a means of covert communication but also contributed to the creation of common colloquialisms and words such as “shoplifter” (a person who steals from a shop), “rat” (an informer), and “pig” (a police officer).

How are cants used in communication

Cants function as a unique form of communication within specific groups, allowing members to discreetly convey information without drawing unwanted attention. This specialized language often involves slang, colloquialisms, and coded expressions that hold particular significance within the community. These linguistic nuances play a crucial role in fostering a sense of belonging and shared identity among group members.

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In the realm of cants, communication goes beyond mere words; it encapsulates a cultural shorthand that outsiders may find challenging to decipher. This exclusivity is intentional, acting as a protective barrier for marginalized groups. Throughout history, various communities have employed cants to preserve their identities, shield themselves from external threats, and navigate societal challenges.

For example, Polari was used by sailors, professional wrestlers, and the gay subculture within Britain during the 19th and 20th centuries. This secret language helped gay men identify each other and build community while safeguarding themselves from others.

How to recognize cants

Recognizing cants requires an understanding of the contextual and linguistic cues embedded within the communication. While some cants may involve unique vocabulary, others rely on alterations in tone, rhythm, or even non-verbal expressions. Paying attention to the subtle nuances of speech and observing patterns within a group’s communication can unveil the presence of a cant.

Cants often evolve over time, adapting to changing circumstances and adopting elements from the broader linguistic landscape. Learning to recognize cants involves not only an awareness of specific words or phrases but also an awareness of the cultural context these linguistic codes operate in.

For example, Tut, or Tutnese, was a language developed by enslaved people to secretively communicate and learn how to spell. Derived from English, vowels are said as they are named, however each consonant has its own word. This language was orally passed down, which likely accounts for regional differences and the cant’s evolution.¹

Cants have played a multifaceted role in the tapestry of human communication, serving as both a shield and a sword for marginalized groups facing adversity. For more information on linguistics and grammar, learn more writing tips from Microsoft.

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