“Calfs” vs. “calves”: What is the correct plural form of “calf”?

What does “calf” mean?

The noun “calf” has two different meanings, both of which you might find yourself using in your writing. “Calf” can refer to a young cow or the back of your leg below your knee. Based on context clues in a sentence, you’ll likely always be able to differentiate these two “calves” meanings. Despite the different definitions, “calf” only has one correct plural form.

Is it “calfs” or “calves”?

The plural form of “calf” should always be written as “calves,” never as “calfs.” Although some nouns become plural by adding an “s” to the end of the word, “calf” is not one of them.

How to use “calves” in a sentence

Remember to use “calf” when writing about one calf and “calves” when referring to two or more. These examples show how to use the word correctly in a sentence:

• The runner strained his left calf during the half marathon.
• The calves grazed in the field near their mothers.
• On Sunday the veterinarian delivered a healthy calf on the farm.
• What are the best exercises for strengthening your calves?

Why is there confusion about the plural form of “calf”?

Although “calves” is the correct plural form of “calf,” the confusion comes from other nouns ending with the letter “f.” There’s no rule for these nouns, although most of them do drop “f” and add “ves.” For example, “shelf” becomes “shelves.” However, many nouns keep the “f” and add an “s.” The word “roof” becomes “roofs,” when plural. Some words, like scarf, can be spelled either way.

Write with Confidence using Editor

Elevate your writing with real-time, intelligent assistance

Learn more

Unfortunately, there’s no one way to remember what letters should be added to a noun to make it plural. If you have trouble remembering how to spell “calves,” try a mnemonic device to make it easier. A mnemonic device is a technique used to help you remember information, including spelling and grammar rules. The misspelling “calfs” contains the letter “f” in it, while the correct spelling “calves” has the letter “v.” Remember that “f” stands for “failure” and “v” stands for “victory,” and you’ll never misspell this plural noun again!

Now that you know the use and meaning of “calves,” you can avoid the word “calfs” entirely. If you’re unsure about your spelling, try using spell check while writing. Whether you’re a seasoned writer or a beginner just starting out, spelling and grammar tools help keep your sentences sharp.