Microsoft Research Blog

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  1. Microsoft Research Plan – Original memo, 1991 

    September 1, 1991 | Nathan Myhrvold

    Today, the mission of Microsoft Research is to accelerate scientific discovery and technology advancement to empower every person and organization on the planet to achieve more. We do this by bringing together the best minds across diverse disciplines and background to take on the most…

  2. Profiling scheduling strategies on the GRIP parallel reducer 

    August 23, 1991 | K Hammond, SL Peyton Jones, and Simon Peyton Jones

    It is widely claimed that functional languages are particularly suitable for programming parallel computers. A claimed advantage is that the programmer is not burdened with details of task creation, placement, scheduling, and synchronisation, these decisions being taken by the system instead. Leaving aside the question…

  3. Probabilistic Similarity Networks 

    August 6, 1991 | David Heckerman

    This work describes a new generation of expert systems—called normative expert systems. These systems have the potential to provide better decision support than do traditional expert systems in domains where the accurate management of uncertainty is important. This potential for improvement arises because people, including…

  4. On the Computational Complexity of Incremental Algorithms 

    August 1, 1991 | G. Ramalingam and Thomas Reps

    Our results, together with some previously known ones, shed light on the organization of the complexity hierarchy that exists when incremental-computation problems are classified according to their incremental complexity with respect to locally persistent algorithms. In particular, these results separate the classes of P-time incremental…

  5. Advances in Probabilistic Reasoning 

    July 1, 1991 | Dan Geiger and David Heckerman

    This paper discuses multiple Bayesian networks representation paradigms for encoding asymmetric independence assertions. We offer three contributions: (1) an inference mechanism that makes explicit use of asymmetric independence to speed up computations, (2) a simplified definition of similarity networks and extensions of their theory, and…

  6. Surface reflection: physical and geometrical perspectives 

    June 30, 1991 | S.K. Nayar, Katsushi Ikeuchi, and T. Kanade

    Reflectance models based on physical optics and geometrical optics are studied. Specifically, the authors consider the Beckmann-Spizzichino (physical optics) model and the Torrance-Sparrow (geometrical optics) model. These two models were chosen because they have been reported to fit experimental data well. Each model is described…

  7. Algorithms for Arbitrary Precision Floating Point Arithmetic 

    June 21, 1991 | Douglas M. Priest

    The author presents techniques for performing computations of very high accuracy using only straightforward floating-point arithmetic operations of limited precision. The validity of these techniques is proved under very general hypotheses satisfied by most implementations of floating-point arithmetic. To illustrate the applications of these techniques,…

  8. Average Case Completeness 

    June 7, 1991 | Yuri Gurevich

    We explain and advance Levin's theory of average case complexity. In particular, we exhibit the second natural average-case-complete problem and prove that deterministic reductions are inadequate.

  9. A parallel functional database on GRIP 

    June 4, 1991

    GRIP is a shared-memory multiprocessor designed for efficient parallel evaluation of functional languages, using compiled graph reduction. This paper investigates the feasibility of processing persistent data on GRIP, and presents results obtained from a pilot implementation. A database implemented in a pure functional language must…