Robust Location Search(RLS)

Robust Location Search is a new approach to location search from text queries
that works well for both well-formed addresses as well as
unstructured queries, and is particularly robust to errors in the
query. We use this approach to build a location search system that
works across multiple countries. We demonstrate that the system
dramatically outperforms existing commercial geocoders on
unstructured location queries, and queries with errors and
conflicting terms. This is remarkable considering the fact that we
do not use any region specific rules or training data.

You can find detailed information about this project here: http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/groups/adg/acm_gis_2007_robust_location_search.pdf